How virus size and attachment parameters affect the temperature sensitivity of virus binding to host cells: Predictions of a thermodynamic model for arboviruses and HIV
Keywords
Temperature
Virus size
Entropy
Antivirals
Heat capacity
Abbreviations
AIV
avian influenza virus
BBF
brush border fragments from midgut
BTV
bluetongue virus
Cp
heat capacity at constant pressure
ΔCp
change in heat capacity
Cr
host cell receptor
CD4
host cell receptor for HIV
Ctotal
number of host cells which can bind virus in a given volume of host fluid (midgut or blood)
C.VT
number of host cells with bound virus at temperature T
DENV
Dengue virus
EA
activation energy
EBOV
Zaire ebolavirus
EM
electron microscopy
Env
HIV gp120 trimer envelope protein which binds to a single CD4 molecule
FcT
fraction of arthropod midgut cells with bound virus at temperature T
ΔGa_virus_T
change in Gibbs free energy on association of virus and host cell at temperature T
GP
viral (glyco)protein on virus surface that binds to Cr
HA
haemagglutinin
ΔHa_receptor_T
change in enthalpy for binding of virus GP to host Cr receptor at a temperature T
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HSV-2
herpes simplex virus type 2
ΔHa_virus_T
change in enthalpy for binding of virus to host cell at temperature T
Ka_virus_T
association constant for binding of virus to host cells at temperature T
Kd_receptor_T
dissociation constant for GP from Cr at temperature T
Kd_virus
dissociation constant for virus from host cell
M
molar (moles dm-3)
n
number of GP/Cr contacts made on virus binding to cell
ptransmissionT
probability of successful infection of the arthropod salivary glands after oral exposure at temperature T
pcompleteT
probability given a virion has bound to the surface of a midgut cell that that midgut cell becomes infected and that its progeny viruses go on to infect the salivary gland so completing the arthropod infection process within the life time of the arthropod at temperature T
R
ideal gas constant
ΔSa_receptor_T
change in entropy for binding of virus GP to host Cr receptor
ΔSa_virus_T
change in entropy for binding of virus to host cell at temperature T
ΔSa_immob
change in entropy on immobilization of whole virus to cell surface
ΔSa_non_specific
change in entropy on immobilization of virus to cell surface through non-specific binding
ΔSa_specific
change in entropy on immobilization of virus to cell surface through specific GP/Cr-driven binding
SA
sialic acid
SIV
simian immunodeficiency virus
Vfree
virus not bound to cells
Vtotal
virus challenge dose in volume of host fluid
WEEV
Western equine encephalitis virus
WNV
West Nile virus
ZnOT
zinc oxide tetrapod
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