Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T13:56:23.970Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Transient reductions in milk fat synthesis and their association with the ruminal and metabolic profile in dairy cows fed high-starch, low-fat diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2020

E. C. Sandri ,
J. Lévesque ,
A. Marco ,
Y. Couture ,
R. Gervais  and
D. E. Rico Open the ORCID record for D. E. Rico [Opens in a new window]
E. C. Sandri
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, Santa Catarina88520-000, Brazil
J. Lévesque
Affiliation:
CRSAD, Deschambault, QCG0A 1S0, Canada
A. Marco
Affiliation:
IUT Louis Pasteur, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg67300, France
Y. Couture
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QCJ2S 2M2, Canada
R. Gervais
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, Quebec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
D. E. Rico*
Affiliation:
CRSAD, Deschambault, QCG0A 1S0, Canada Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, Quebec City, QCG1V 0A6, Canada
*
†E-mail: daniel.rico@crsad.qc.ca
Get access

Abstract

Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is sometimes observed along with reduced milk fat synthesis. Inconsistent responses may be explained by dietary fat levels. Twelve ruminally cannulated cows were used in a Latin square design investigating the timing of metabolic and milk fat changes during Induction and Recovery from SARA by altering starch levels in low-fat diets. Treatments were (1) SARA Induction, (2) Recovery and (3) Control. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis was induced by feeding a diet containing 29.4% starch, 24.0% NDF and 2.8% fatty acids (FAs), whereas the Recovery and Control diets contained 19.9% starch, 31.0% NDF and 2.6% FA. Relative to Control, DM intake (DMI) and milk yield were higher in SARA from days 14 to 21 and from days 10 to 21, respectively (P < 0.05). Milk fat content was reduced from days 3 to 14 in SARA (P < 0.05) compared with Control, while greater protein and lactose contents were observed from days 14 to 21 and 3 to 21, respectively (P < 0.05). Milk fat yield was reduced by SARA on day 3 (P < 0.05), whereas both protein and lactose yields were higher on days 14 and 21 (P < 0.05). The ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was lower, and the concentrations of propionate and lactate were higher in the SARA treatment compared with Control on day 21 (P < 0.05). Plasma insulin increased during SARA, whereas plasma non-esterified fatty acids and milk β-hydroxybutyrate decreased (P < 0.05). Similarly to fat yield, the yield of milk preformed FA (>16C) was lower on day 3 (P < 0.05) and tended to be lower on day 7 in SARA cows (P < 0.10), whereas yield of de novo FA (<16C) was higher on day 21 (P < 0.01) in the SARA group relative to Control. The t10- to t11-18:1 ratio increased during the SARA Induction period (P < 0.05), but the concentration of t10-18:1 remained below 0.5% of milk fat, and t10,c12 conjugated linoleic acid remained below detection levels. Odd-chain FA increased, whereas branched-chain FA was reduced during SARA Induction from days 3 to 21 (P < 0.05). Sub-acute ruminal acidosis reduced milk fat synthesis transiently. Such reduction was not associated with ruminal biohydrogenation intermediates but rather with a transient reduction in supply of preformed FA. Subsequent rescue of milk fat synthesis may be associated with higher availability of substrates due to increased DMI during SARA.

Keywords

acidosisinsulinbiohydrogenationodd- and branched-chain fatty acids
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 12 , December 2020 , pp. 2523 - 2534
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The Animal Consortium

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdela, N 2016. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and its consequence in dairy cattle: a review of past and recent research at global prospective. Achievements in the Life Science 10, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albornoz, RI, Sordillo, LM, Contreras, GA, Nelli, R, Mamedova, LK, Bradford, BJ and Allen, MS 2019. Diet starch concentration and starch fermentability affect markers of inflammatory response and oxidant status in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. Journal of Dairy Science 103, 1–16.Google ScholarPubMed
AlZahal, O, Odongo, NE, Mutsvangwa, T, Or-Rashid, MM, Duffield, TF, Bagg, R, Dick, P, Vessie, G and McBride, BW 2008. Effects of monensin and dietary soybean oil on milk fat percentage and milk fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 1166–1174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, MS 2000. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1598–1624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2000. Official methods of analysis, volume 1. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bauman, DE, Brown, RE and Davis, CL 1970. Pathways of fatty acid synthesis and reducing equivalent generation in mammary gland of rat, sow, and cow. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 40, 237–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, DE and Griinari, JM 2001. Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome. Livestock Production Science 70, 15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, DE and Griinari, JM 2003. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annual Review of Nutrition 23, 203–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchemin, KA, Kreuzer, ADM, O’Mara, F and McAllister, TA 2008. Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, 21–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boivin, M, Gervais, R and Chouinard, PY 2013. Effect of grain and forage fractions of corn silage on milk production and composition in dairy cows. Animal 7, 245–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradford, BJ, Gour, AD, Nash, AS and Allen, MS 2006. Propionate challenge tests have limited value for investigating bovine metabolism. The Journal of Nutrition 136, 1915–1920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chouinard, PY, Corneau, L, Barbano, DM, Metzger, LE and Bauman, DE 1999. Conjugated linoleic acids alter milk fatty acid composition and inhibit milk fat secretion in dairy cows. The Journal of Nutrition 129, 1579–1584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colman, E, Fokkink, WB, Craninx, M, Newbold, JR, de Baets, B and Fievez, V 2010. Effect of induction of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on milk fat profile and rumen parameters. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 4759–4773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corl, BA, Butler, ST, Butler, WR and Bauman, DE 2006. Short communication: regulation of milk fat yield and fatty acid composition by insulin. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4172–4175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DePeters, EJ and Cant, JP 1992. Nutritional factors influencing the nitrogen composition of bovine milk: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2043–2070.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duffield, TF, Rabiee, AR and Lean, IJ 2008. A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin in lactating dairy cattle. Part 1. Metabolic effects. Journal of dairy science 91, 1334–1346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enjalbert, F, Videau, Y, Nicot, MC and Troegeler-Meynadier, A 2008. Effects of induced subacute ruminal acidosis on milk fat content and milk fatty acid profile. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 92, 284–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fievez, V, Colman, E, Castro-Montoya, JM, Stefanov, I and Vlaeminck, B 2012. Milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids as biomarkers of rumen function-An update. Animal Feed Science and Technology 172, 51–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, EA, Bertics, SJ and Armentano, LE 2012. Rumen and milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acid proportions are minimally influenced by ruminal volatile fatty acid infusions. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 2015–2026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griinari, JM, McGuire, MA, Dwyer, DA, Bauman, DE and Palmquist, DL 1997. Role of insulin in the regulation of milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1076–1084.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guo, Y, Xu, X, Zou, Y, Yang, Z, Li, S and Cao, Z 2013. Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 4, 31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, MB, Jennings, JP, Lewis, BA and Robertson, JB 2001. Evaluation of starch analysis methods for feed samples. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81, 17–21.3.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hara, A and Radin, NS 1978. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. Analytical Biochemistry 90, 420–426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
He, M, Perfield, KL, Green, HB and Armentano, LE 2012. Effect of dietary fat blend enriched in oleic or linoleic acid and monensin supplementation on dairy cattle performance, milk fatty acid profiles, and milk fat depression. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 1447–1461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jing, L, Dewanckele, L, Vlaeminck, B, Van Straalen, WM, Koopmans, A and Fievez, V 2018. Susceptibility of dairy cows to subacute ruminal acidosis is reflected in milk fatty acid proportions, with C18:1 trans-10 as primary and C15:0 and C18:1 trans-11 as secondary indicators. Journal of Dairy Science 101, 9827–9840.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khafipour, E, Krause, DO and Plaizier, JC 2009. Alfalfa pellet-induced subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows increases bacterial endotoxin in the rumen without causing inflammation. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1712–1724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leskinen, H, Ventto, L, Kairenius, P, Shingfield, KJ and Vikki, J 2019. Temporal changes in milk fatty acid composition during diet-induced milk fat depression in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 102, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lock, AL, Tyburczy, C, Dwyer, DA, Harvatine, KJ, Destaillats, F, Mouloungui, Z, Candy, L and Bauman, DE 2007. Trans-10 octadecenoic acid does not reduce milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. The Journal of Nutrition 137, 71–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maia, M, Chaudhary, LC, Figueres, L and Wallace, RJ 2007. Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their toxicity to the microflora of the rumen. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 91, 303–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maxin, G, Glasser, F, Hurtaud, C, Peyraud, JL and Rulquin, H 2011a. Combined effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, propionate, and acetate on milk fat yield and composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 2051–2059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maxin, G, Rulquin, H and Glasser, F 2011b. Response of milk fat concentration and yield to nutrient supply in dairy cows. Animal 5, 1299–1310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council (NRC) 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th revised edition. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Oetzel, GR 2003. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cattle. Advances in Dairy Technology 15, 307–317.Google Scholar
Peterson, DG, Matitashvili, EA and Bauman, DE 2003. Diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows results in increased trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk fat and coordinated suppression of mRNA abundance for mammary enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis. The Journal of Nutrition 133, 3098–3102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plaizier, JC, Krause, DO, Gozho, GN and McBride, BW 2008. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: The physiological causes, incidence and consequences. The Veterinary Journal 176, 21–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rico, DE and Harvatine, KJ 2013. Induction of and recovery from milk fat depression occurs progressively in dairy cows switched between diets that differ in fiber and oil concentration. Journal of Dairy Science 96, 6621–6630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rico, DE, Holloway, AW and Harvatine, KJ 2014. Effect of monensin on recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 2376–2386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rico, DE, Holloway, AW and Harvatine, KJ 2015a. Effect of diet fermentability and unsaturated fatty acid concentration on recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 7930–7943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rico, DE, Preston, SH, Risser, JM and Harvatine, KJ 2015b. Rapid changes in key ruminal microbial populations during the induction of and recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows. British Journal of Nutrition 114, 358–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandri, E, Couture, Y, Gervais, R, Levesque, J and Rico, DE 2018. Time course of changes in lactation performance, blood metabolites, inflammation and milk fatty acids during subacute ruminal acidosis induction and recovery in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 101(suppl. 2), 415.Google Scholar
Samii, SS, Rico, JE, Mathews, AT, Davis, AN, Orndorff, CL, Aromeh, LO and McFadden, JW 2019. Effects of body condition score on direct and indirect measurements of insulin sensitivity in periparturient dairy cows. Animal 20, 1–9.Google Scholar
Seal, CJ and Reynolds, CK 1993. Nutritional implications of gastrointestinal and liver metabolism in ruminants. Nutrition Research Reviews 6, 185–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shingfield, KJ, Reynolds, CK, Hervas, G, Griinari, JM, Grandison, AS and Beever, DE 2006. Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to fish oil and sunflower oil in the diet of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 714–732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sukhija, PS and Palmquist, DL 1988. Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 36, 1202–1206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vlaeminck, B, Fievez, V, Cabrita, ARJ, Fonseca, AJM and Dewhurst, RJ 2006. Factors affecting odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131, 389–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Sandri et al. supplementary material

Tables S1-S3 and Figures S1-S3

Download Sandri et al. supplementary material(File)
File 3 MB