Abstract
In this paper we deduce two nonisospectral integrable hierarchies based on a Lie algebra F. To generating two expanding nonisospectral integrable hierarchies of the nonisospectral hierarchy, we introduce two complex-number Lie algebras which are produced by the Lie algebra F. Additionally, we study the Hamiltonian structure of the nonisospectral integrable hierarchies and the expanding nonisospectral integrable hierarchies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ablowitz, M.J., Segur, H.: Solitons and the Inverse Scattering Transform. SIAM, Philadelphia (1981)
Newell, A.C.: Solitons in Mathematics and Physics. SIAM, Philadelphia (1985)
Magri, F.: Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Dynamical Systems. Springer Lecture Notes in Physics 120, p 233. Springer, Berlin (1980)
Tu, G.Z.: The trace identity, a powerful tool for constructing the Hamiltonian structure of integrable systems. J. Math. Phys. 30, 330–338 (1989)
Ma, W.X.: A new hierarchy of Liouville integrable generalized Hamiltonian equations and its reduction. Chin. J. Contemp. Math. 13(1), 79 (1992)
Ma, W.X., symmetries, K: K symmetries and τ symmetries of evolution equations and their Lie algebras. J. Phys A: Math. Gen. 23, 2707–2716 (1990)
Qiao, Z.J.: New hierarchies of isospectral and non-isospectral integrable NLEEs derived from the Harry-Dym spectral problem. Physica A 252, 377–387 (1998)
Li, Y.S.: A kind of evolution equations and the deform of spectral. Sci. Sin. A 25, 385–387 (1982). (in Chinese)
Li, Y.S., Zhu, G.C.: New set of symmetries of the integrable equations, Lie algebras and non-isospectral evolution equations:II. AKNS suystem. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 19, 3713–3725 (1986)
Li, Y.S., Zhuang, D.W.: Nonlinear evolution equations related to characteristic problems dependent on potential energy. Acta. Math. Sin. 25(4), 464–474 (1982). (in Chinese)
Xu, X.X.: An integrable coupling hierarchy of the Mkdv-integrable systems, its Hamiltonian structure and corresponding nonisospectral integrable hierarchy. Appl. Math. Comput. 216(1), 344–353 (2010)
Kaup, D.J., Newell, A.C.: An exact solution for a derivative nonlinear schrödinger equation. J. Math. Phys. 19(4), 798–804 (1978)
Zhang, Y.F., Tam, H.: A few integrable systems and spatial spectral transformations. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. 14(11), 3770–3783 (2009)
Zhang, Y.F., Rui, W.J.: A few continuous and discrete dynamical systems. Rep. Math. Phys. 78(1), 19–32 (2016)
Ma, W.X.: An approach for constructing non-isospectral hierarchies of evolution equations. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 25, L719–L726 (1992)
Ma, W.X.: A simple scheme for generating nonisospectral flows from the zero curvature representation. Phys. Lett. A 179, 179–185 (1993)
Qiao, Z.J.: Generation of soliton hierarchy and general structure of its commutator representations. Acta. Math. Appl. Sin-E. 18(2), 287–301 (1995)
Zhang, Y.F., Fan, E.G., Tam, H.W.: A few expanding Lie algebras of the Lie algebra a1 and applications. Phys. Lett. A 359, 471–480 (2006)
Zhang, Y.F., Liu, J.: Induced Lie algebras of a six-dimensional matrix Lie algebra. Commun. Theor. Phys. 50(2), 289 (2008)
Zhang, Y.F., Mei, J.Q., Guan, H.Y.: A method for generating isospectral and nonisospectral hierarchies of equations as well as symmetries. J. Geom. Phys. 147, 103538:1–15 (2020)
Wang, H.F., Zhang, Y.F.: Generating of nonisospectral integrable hierarchies via a new scheme. Adv. Differ. Equ. 2020, 170 (2020)
Zhang, Y.F., Zhang, H.Q., Yan, Q.Y.: Integrable couplings of Botie-Pempinelli-Tu (BPT) hierarchy. Phys. Lett. A 299(5-6), 543–548 (2002)
Zhang, Y.F., Tam, H.: Three kinds of coupling integrable couplings of the Korteweg - de Vries hierarchy of evolution equations. J. Math. Phys. 51(4), 043510 (2010)
Ma, W.X.: Enlarging spectral problems to construct integrable couplings of soliton equations. Phys. Lett. A 316(1-2), 72–76 (2003)
Fan, E.G., Zhang, Y.F.: A simple method for generating integrable hierarchies with multi-potential functions. Chaos, Soliton Fract. 25.2, 425–439 (2005)
Yu, F.J.: A novel non-isospectral hierarchy and soliton wave dynamics for a parity-time-symmetric nonlocal veltor nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. 78, 104852:1–18 (2019)
Yu, F.J.: A new non-isospectral integrable couplings for generalized Volterra lattice hierarchy. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. 16(2), 656–660 (2011)
Wang, H.F., Li, C.Z.: Affine Weyl group symmetries of Frobenius Painlevé equations. Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 43, 3238–3252 (2020)
Gao, X.D., Zhang, S.: Inverse scattering transform for a new non-isospectral integrable non-linear AKNS model. Therm. Sci. 21(1), S153–s160 (2017)
Estévz, P.G., Savdón, C.: Miura-reciprocal transformations for non-isospectral Camassa-Holm hierarchies in 2 + 1 dimensions. J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 20(4), 552–564 (2013)
Zhao, X.H., Tiao, B., Li, H.M., Guo, Y.J.: Solitons, periodic waves, breathers and integrability for a nonisospectral and variable-coefficient fifth-order Korteweg-de Vries equation in fluids. Appl. Math. Lett. 65, 48–55 (2017)
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.11971475).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, H., Zhang, Y. Two Nonisospectral Integrable Hierarchies and its Integrable Coupling. Int J Theor Phys 59, 2529–2539 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04519-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04519-9