Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is the second most crucial nutrient for plant growth after nitrogen. However, its highly reactive nature causes formation of insoluble derivatives and limits uptake by the plant roots. The wide spread applications of P based chemical fertilizers cause detrimental effects on soil fertility, agricultural product quality and environment. In this regard, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) stand out as the most remarkable and promising tools for the development of safer and sustainable technologies. As a result of this, many bacterial and fungal species with significant phosphate-solubilizing activity have been discovered by using the conventional screening methods. However, the growing need for the discovery of new strains of PSMs necessitates the replacement or support to the time-consuming conventional methods with techniques that are more sensitive, reliable, reproducible and less time consuming. In this context, molecular tools and techniques provide novel approaches for microbial phosphate solubilization research. Hence, in this review information on the molecular approaches for the PSMs research is provided and its importance explained. The review also discusses the genes related to phosphate solubilizing mechanisms and molecular tools for screening these genes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Adapted from Khan et al. (2010))
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adhikari A, Lee KE, Khan MA, Kang SM, Adhikari B, Imran M, Jan R, Kim KM, Lee IJ (2020) Effect of silicate and phosphate solubilizing rhizobacterium Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2 on Oryza sativa L. under cadmium stress. J Microbiol Biotechnol 30:118–126. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1906.06010
Ahemad M (2015) Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria-assisted phytoremediation of metalliferous soils: a review. 3 Biotech 5:111–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0206-0
Alaylar B, Güllüce M, Karadayı G, Karadayı M (2018) Isolation of PGPR strains with phosphate solubilizing activity from Erzurum and their molecular evaluation by using newly designed specific primer for pqqB gene. IJSER 9(5):103–106
Alaylar B, Güllüce M, Karadayi M, Isaoglu M (2019) Rapid detection of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from agricultural areas in Erzurum. Curr Microbiol 76:804–809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-019-01688-7
Alaylar B, Güllüce M, Karadayı G (2020) Detection of the nifH gene in nitrogen-fixing bacteria from agricultural areas in Erzurum. FEB 29:809–814
Alori ET, Glick BR, Babalola OO (2017) Microbial phosphorus solubilization and its potential for use in sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 8:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00971
An R, Moe LA (2016) Regulation of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase activity in the model rhizosphere-dwelling bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:4955–4964. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00813-16
Anzuay MS, Frola O, Angelini JG et al (2013) Genetic diversity of phosphate-solubilizing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) associated bacteria and mechanisms involved in this ability. Symbiosis 60:143–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-013-0250-2
Arora NK (2015) Plant microbes symbiosis: applied facets. Springer, Berlin
Arora NK, Fatima T, Mishra I, Verma M, Mishra J, Mishra V (2018) Environmental sustainability: challenges and viable solutions. Environ Sustain 1(4):309–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-018-00038-w
Babu-Khan S, Yeo TC, Martin WL et al (1995) Cloning of a mineral phosphate-solubilizing gene from Pseudomonas cepacia. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:972–978
Banik S, Dey BK (1982) Available phosphate content of an alluvial soil as influenced by inoculation of some isolated phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. Plant Soil 69:353–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372456
Billah M, Khan M, Bano A et al (2019) Phosphorus and phosphate solubilizing bacteria: keys for sustainable agriculture. Geomicrobiol J 36:904–916. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2019.1654043
Chawngthu L, Hnamte R, Lalfakzuala R (2020) Isolation and characterization of rhizospheric phosphate solubilizing bacteria from wetland paddy field of Mizoram, India. Geomicrobiol J 37:366–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2019.1709108
Chen Q, Liu S (2019) Identification and characterization of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Pantoea sp. S32 in reclamation soil in Shanxi, China. Front Microbiol 10:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02171
Chen YP, Rekha PD, Arun AB, Shen FT, Lai WAYC (2006) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Appl Soil Ecol 34:33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.12.002
Chen W, Yang F, Zhang L, Wang J (2016) Organic acid secretion and phosphate solubilizing efficiency of Pseudomonas sp. PSB12: effects of phosphorus forms and carbon sources. Geomicrobiol J 33:870–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2015.1123329
Cho ST, Chang HH, Egamberdieva D et al (2015) Genome analysis of pseudomonas fluorescens PCL1751: a rhizobacterium that controls root diseases and alleviates salt stress for its plant host. PLoS ONE 10(10):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140231
Cowan D, Meyer Q, StaVord W, Muyanga S, Cameron R, Wittwer P (2005) Metagenomic gene discovery: past, present and future. Trends Biotechnol 23:321–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.04.001
Dandessa C, Bacha K (2018) Review on Role of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture. Int J Curr Res Acad Rev 6:48–55. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2018.611.006
Dunbar J, Barns SM, Ticknor LO, Kuske CR (2002) Empirical and theoretical bacterial diversity in four Arizona soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:3035–3045. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.3035-3045.2002
Elmer KR (2016) Genomic tools for new insights to variation, adaptation, and evolution in the salmonid fishes: a perspective for charr. Hydrobiologia 783:191–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2614-5
Elias F, Woyessa D, Muleta D (2016) Phosphate solubilization potential of rhizosphere fungiIsolated from plants in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol 216:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5472601
Egamberdieva D, Wirth S, Behrendt U, Abd-Allah EF, Berg G (2016) Biochar treatment resulted in a combined effect on soybean growth promotion and a shift in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Front Microbiol 7:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00209
Egamberdieva D, Wirth S, Shurigin V, Hashem A, AbdAllah EF (2017) Endophytic bacteria improve plant growth, symbiotic performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and induce suppression of root rot caused by Fusarium solani under salt stress. Front Microbiol 8:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01887
Farhat MB, Boukhris I, Chouayekh H (2015) Mineral phosphate solubilization by Streptomyces sp. CTM396 involves the excretion of gluconic acid and is stimulated by humic acids. FEMS Microbiol Lett 362:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnv008
Fenice M, Selbman L, Federici F, Vassilev N (2000) Application of encapsulated Penicillium variabile P16 in solubilization of rock phosphate. Bioresour Technol 73:157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00150-9
Fraga R, Rodríguez H, González T (2001) Transfer of the gene encoding the NapA acid phosphatase of Morganella morganii to a Burkholderia cepacia strain. Acta Biotechnol 21:359–369
Goldstein AH, Liu ST (1987) Molecular cloning and regulation of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene from Erwinia herbicola. Bio/Technology 5:72–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0187-72
Goosen N, Horsman HP, Huinen RG, van de Putte P (1989) Acinetobacter calcoaceticus genes involved in biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyrrolo-quinoline-quinone: nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 171:447–455. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.171.1.447-455.1989
Gosal SK, Mehta A (2015) Molecular approach to study soil bacterial diversity. In: Egamberdieva D, Shrivastava S, Varma A (eds) Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and medicinal plants, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 359–380
Gupta P, Kumar V (2017) Value added phytoremediation of metal stressed soils using phosphate solubilizing microbial consortium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2176-3
Gupta R, Singal R, Shankar A, Kuhad RC, Saxena RK (1994) A modified plate assay for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. J Gen Appl Microbiol 40:255–260. https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.40.255
Gupta M, Kiran S, Gulati A, Singh B, Tewari R (2012) Isolation and identification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria able to enhance the growth and aloin-A biosynthesis of Aloe barbadensis Miller. Microbiol Res 167:358–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2012.02.004
Hölscher T, Görisch H (2006) Knockout and overexpression of pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic genes in Gluconobacter oxydans 621H. J Bacteriol 188:7668–7676. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01009-06
Hugenholtz P (2002) Exploring prokaryotic diversity in the genomic era. Genome Biol 3:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-2-reviews0003
Hurst LD, Merchant AR (2001) High guanine-cytosine content is not an adaptation to high temperature: a comparative analysis amongst prokaryotes. Proc Biol Sci 268:493–497. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1397
Jain R, Saxena J, Sharma V (2012) Effect of phosphate-solubilizing fungi Aspergillus awamori S29 on mungbean (Vigna radiata cv. RMG 492) growth. Folia Microbiol 57:533–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-012-0167-9
Jin L, Lloyd RV (1997) In situ hybridization: methods and applications. J Clin Lab Anal 11:2–9
Kalayu G (2019) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: promising approach as biofertilizers. Int J Agron 10:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4917256
Kang JX, Wang J (2005) A simplified method for analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. BMC Biochem 6:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-6-5
Kang SM, Radhakrishnan R, You YH, Joo GJ, Lee IJ, Lee KE, Kim JH (2014) Phosphate solubilizing Bacillus megaterium mj1212 regulates endogenous plant carbohydrates and amino acids contents to promote mustard plant growth. Indian J Microbiol 54:427–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-014-0476-6
Khairnar NP, Kamble VA, Mangoli SH, Apte SK, Misra HS (2007) Involvement of a periplasmic protein kinase in DNA strand break repair and homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 65:294–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05779.x
Khan MS, Zaidi A, Ahemad M, Oves M, Wani PA (2010) Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing fungi: current perspective. Arch Agron Soil Sci 56:73–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340902806469
Kim KY, McDonald GA, Jordan D (1997) Solubilization of hydroxyapatite by Enterobacter agglomerans and cloned Escherichia coli in culture medium. Biol Fertil Soils 24:347–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050256
Kim KY, Jordan D, Krishnan HB (1998) Expression of genes from Rahnella aquatilis that are necessary for mineral phosphate solubilization in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 159:121–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12850.x
Kim CH, Han SH, Kim KY et al (2003) Cloning and expression of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) genes from a phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Enterobacter intermedium. Curr Microbiol 47:457–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-003-4068-7
Krishnaraj PU, Goldstein AH (2001) Cloning of a Serratia marcescens DNA fragment that induces quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase-mediated gluconic acid production in Escherichia coli in the presence of stationary phase Serratia marcescens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 205:2015–2220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(01)00472-4
Li L, Li YQ, Jiang Z, Gao R, Nimaichand S, Duan YQ, Egamberdieva D, Chen W, Li WJ (2016) Ochrobactrum endophyticum sp. nov., isolated from roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Arch Microbiol 198:171–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-015-1170-8
Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Xu W, Mou Z (2019) Characteristics of inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from the sediments of a eutrophic lake. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122141
Liu ST, Lee LY, Tai CY et al (1992) Cloning of an Erwinia herbicola gene necessary for gluconic acid production and enhanced mineral phosphate solubilization in Escherichia coli HB101: nucleotide sequence and probable involvement in biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyrroloquinoline quinone. J Bacteriol 174:5814–5819. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.174.18.5814-5819.1992
Ludueña LM, Anzuay MS, Angelini JG et al (2017) Role of bacterial pyrroloquinoline quinone in phosphate solubilizing ability and in plant growth promotion on strain Serratia sp. S119. Symbiosis 72:31–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-016-0434-7
Mcintire WS (1994) Quinoproteins. FASEB J 8:513–521. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.8.8.8181669
Meulenberg JJM, Sellink E, Riegman NH, Postma PW (1992) Nucleotide sequence and structure of the Klebsiella pneumoniae pqq operon. Mol Gen Genet 232:284–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280008
Misra HS, Rajpurohit YS, Khairnar NP (2012) Pyrroloquinoline-quinone and its versatile roles in biological processes. J Biosci 37:313–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-012-9195-5
Morris CJ, Biville F, Turlin E et al (1994) Isolation, phenotypic characterization, and complementation analysis of mutants of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 unable to synthesize pyrroloquinoline quinone and sequences of pqqD, pqqG, and pqqC. J Bacteriol 176:1746–1755. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.176.6.1746-1755.1994
Nautiyal CS (1999) An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 170:265–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13383.x
Naveed M, Sohail Y, Khalid N et al (2015) Evaluation of glucose dehydrogenase and pyrroloquinoline quinine (pqq) mutagenesis that renders functional inadequacies in host plants. J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:1349–1360. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1501.01075
Neufeld JD, Mohn WW (2005) Assessment of microbial phylogenetic diversity based on environmental nucleic acids. In: Stackebrandt E (ed) Molecular identification, systematics, and population structure of prokaryotes, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 219–247
Oliveira CA, Alves VMC, Marriel IE et al (2009) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere of maize cultivated in an oxisol of the Brazilian cerrado biome. Soil Biol Biochem 41:1782–1787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.012
Pandey A, Trivedi P, Kumar B, Palni LMS (2006) Characterization of a phosphate solubilizing and antagonistic strain of Pseudomonas putida (B0) isolated from a sub-alpine location in the Indian Central Himalaya. Curr Microbiol 53:102–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-006-4590-5
Pikovskaya RI (1948) Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with the vital activity of some microbial species. Mikrobiologiya 17:362–370
Pradhan N, Sukla LB (2006) Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by fungi isolated from agriculture soil. Afr J Biotechnol 5:850–854. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajb.v5i10.42884
Pradhan A, Pahari A, Mohapatra S, Mishra BB (2017) Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture: Genetic mechanism and application. In: Tapan KA, Bibhuti BM, Annapurna K, Deepak KV (eds) Advances in soil microbiology: recent trends and future prospects, 1st edn. Springer, Singapore, pp 81–97
Pukall R (2005) DNA fingerprinting techniques applied to the identification, taxonomy and community analysis of prokaryotes. In: Stackebrandt E (ed) Molecular identification, systematics, and population structure of prokaryotes, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 53–82
Rajpurohit YS, Misra HS (2010) Characterization of a DNA damage-inducible membrane protein kinase from Deinococcus radiodurans and its role in bacterial radioresistance and DNA strand break repair. Mol Microbiol 77:1470–1482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07301.x
Rashid M, Khalil S, Ayud N et al (2004) Organic acids production and phosphate solubilization by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) under in vitro conditions. Pakistan J Biol Sci 7:187–196. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.187.196
Reena TD, Deepthi H, Pravitha MS, Lecturer D (2013) Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi from rhizospheres soil from banana plants and its effect on the growth of Amaranthus cruentus L. IOSR-JPBS 5:6–11
Reilly TJ, Baron GS, Nano FE, Kuhlenschmidt MS (1996) Characterization and sequencing of a respiratory burst-inhibiting acid phosphatase from Francisella tularensis. J Biol Chem 271:10973–10983. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.18.10973
Reyes I, Bernier L, Antoun H (2002) Rock phosphate solubilization and colonization of maize rhizosphere by wild and genetically modified strains of Penicillium rugulosum. Microb Ecol 44:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-002-1001-8
Reyes I, Valery A, Valduz Z (2006) Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizospheric and bulk soils of colonizer plants at an abandoned rock phosphate mine. Plant Soil 28:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9061-z
Rodríguez H, Fraga R (1999) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol Adv 17:319–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-9750(99)00014-2
Rodríguez H, Gonzalez T, Selman G (2000) Expression of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene from Erwinia herbicola in two rhizobacterial strains. J Biotechnol 84:155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(00)00347-3
Rodríguez H, Fraga R, Gonzalez T et al (2006) Genetics of phosphate solubilization and its potential applications for improving plant growth-promoting bacteria. Plant Soil 287:15–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9056-9
Rodríguez H, Fraga R, Gonzalez T, Bashan Y (2007) Genetics of phosphate solubilization and its potential applications for improving plant growth-promoting bacteria. In: Velázquez E, Rodríguez-Barrueco C (eds) First international meeting on microbial phosphate solubilization. Developments in plant and soil sciences. Springer, Dordrecht
Rossello-Mora R (2005) DNA-DNA reassociation methods applied to microbial taxonomy and their critical evaluation. In: Stackebrandt E (ed) Molecular identification, systematics, and population structure of prokaryotes, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 29–50
Salisbury SA, Forrest HS, Cruse WBT, Kennard O (1979) A novel coenzyme from bacterial primary alcohol dehydrogenases. Nature 280:843–844. https://doi.org/10.1038/280843a0
Sane SA, Mehta SK (2015) Isolation and evaluation of rock phosphate solubilizing fungi as potential biofertilizer. J Fertil Pestic 6:1–6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-2728.1000156
Schnider U, Keel C, Voisard C et al (1995) Tn5-directed cloning of pqq genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0: Mutational inactivation of the genes results in overproduction of the antibiotic pyoluteorin. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:3856–3864
Sekora NS, Lawrence KS, Agudelo P, Santen EV, Mcinroy JA (2009) Using FAME analysis to compare, differentiate, and identify multiple nematode species. J Nematol 41:163–173
Shahid M, Hameed S, Imran A et al (2012) Root colonization and growth promotion of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by phosphate solubilizing Enterobacter sp. Fs-11. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1086-2
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA (2013) Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. SpringerPlus 2:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-587
Song OR, Lee SJ, Lee YS et al (2008) Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate by Burkholderia cepacia DA23 isolated from cultivated soil. Braz J Microbiol 39:151–156. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822008000100030
Suleman M, Yasmin S, Rasul M et al (2018) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with glucose dehydrogenase gene for phosphorus uptake and beneficial effects on wheat. PLoS ONE 9:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204408
Tahir M, Mirza MS, Zaheer A et al (2013) Isolation and identification of phosphate solubilizer Azospirillum, Bacillus and Enterobacter strains by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and their effect on growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). AJCS 7:1284–1292
Thakur D, Kaushal R, Shyam V (2014) Phosphate solubilising microorganisms: role in phosphorus nutrition of crop plants-a review. Agric Rev 35:159–171. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-0741.2014.00903.9
Thies JE (2007) Molecular methods for studying microbial ecology in the soil and rhizosphere. In: Nautiyal CS, Dion P (eds) Molecular mechanisms of plant and microbe coexistence, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 411–436
Tilak KVBR, Ranganayaki NL, Pal KK, De R, Saxena AK, Nautiyal CS, Mittal S, Tripathi AK, Johri BN (2005) Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Curr Sci 89:136–150
Toyama H, Chistoserdova L, Lidstrom ME (1997) Sequence analysis of pqq genes required for biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and the purification of a biosynthetic intermediate. Microbiology 143:595–602. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-143-2-595
Wang H, Liu S, Zhai L et al (2015) Preparation and utilization of phosphate biofertilizers using agricultural waste. J Integr Agric 14:158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60760-7
Westerling J, Frank J, Duine JA (1979) The prosthetic group of methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium X: electron spin resonance evidence for a quinone structure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 87:719–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(79)92018-7
Whitelaw MA, Harden TJ, Helyar KR (1999) Phosphate solubilisation in solution culture by the soil fungus Penicillium radicum. Soil Biol Biochem 31:655–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00130-8
Wu F, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shi X, Li L, Liang J (2019) Effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake of Camellia oleifera Abel. Forests 10:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10040348
Zaidi A, Khan MS, Ahemad M, Oves M (2009) Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 56:263–284
Zhang T, Hu F, Ma L (2019) Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from safflower rhizosphere and their effect on seedling growth. Open Life Sci 14:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2019-0028
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alaylar, B., Egamberdieva, D., Gulluce, M. et al. Integration of molecular tools in microbial phosphate solubilization research in agriculture perspective. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 36, 93 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02870-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02870-x