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The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te mineralization, Evia Island, Greece: a detachment-related distal hydrothermal deposit of the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif

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Abstract

The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te deposit in Evia Island (Greece) comprises sixteen syntaxial veins that intersect the schists and marbles of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. The veins are filled with quartz-I and quartz-II, contain two hypogene ore stages (stages I and II), and are surrounded by infrequent muscovite-chlorite alteration zones. A magmatic origin is deduced for the Kallianos Au-Ag-Te mineralization, based on stable (S, C, Si, O, and H) and radiogenic (Pb, Sr, and Rb) isotopes, and fluid chemistry. The veins were deposited under pressures of ~ 220 to ~ 145 bars and temperatures of ~ 260 to 120 °C, from almost neutral H2Te-bearing hydrothermal fluids with a salinity of 2.2 to 15.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The telluride mineralization related to stage II was deposited at ~ 180 °C and evolved from Au- through Bi- to Ag-bearing tellurides. The vein minerals precipitated by simple cooling of almost non-reactive fluids that retained their initial magmatic signature. Taking into account the magmatic origin of the Kallianos deposit, we examine two proximal areas with granodioritic and leucogranitic intrusions similar to those associated with base and precious metal mineralization at Lavrion (~ 8.3 to ~ 7.1 Ma) and Tinos Island (~ 15 to ~ 13 Ma), as potential sources for the Kallianos fluids. Rb-Sr geochronology dating of the distal Kallianos Au-Ag-Te veins gave an age range of 8.1 to 7.6 Ma, implying that an overlapping and channelized hydrothermal system was active at the northern part of the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif, utilizing the CBU detachment zones as fluid pathways.

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Acknowledgments

We also thank Elias Kevrekidis, Dimitris Palikaras, and Dr. Ioannis Iliopoulos at the University of Patras for his assistance on the CL imaging. Critical comments from Georges Beaudoin, James Saunders, Nigel Cook, Tim Baker, and Frank Melcher are gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

Research funds for this work were obtained from government grants to KStS, a “Pythagoras II” post-doctoral fellowship to Tombros S.F., and the grants (41573036, 40973035, 41173062, 41030423, and 1212011085471) of the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Pr. J.J. Liu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece

    Stylianos F. Tombros

  2. Department of Geology, University of Patras, Rio, 26500, Patras, Greece

    Sotirios Kokkalas, Karen St. Seymour & Michalis G. Fitros

  3. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ano Ilisia, 15784, Athens, Greece

    Panagiotis C. Voudouris

  4. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2A7, Canada

    Anthony E. Williams-Jones

  5. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Degao Zhai & Jiajun Liu

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Tombros, S.F., Kokkalas, S., Seymour, K.S. et al. The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te mineralization, Evia Island, Greece: a detachment-related distal hydrothermal deposit of the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif. Miner Deposita 56, 665–684 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00989-3

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