Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Natural rubber composites containing fillers of sol–gel glasses and glass–ceramics in the CaO–SiO2–P2O5 system

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Iranian Polymer Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A number of properties of natural rubber-based composites containing fillers of sol–gel glasses and ceramics from the CaO–SiO2–P2O5 system were investigated and compared. Its goals were to evaluate and select more suitable usages in flexible electronics, in particular as substrates and insulating layers in antennas for wireless communications. The fillers were characterized by XRD, SEM, adsorption–texture characteristics and particle size distribution. The composites were characterized by their vulcanization, physico-mechanical, dielectric and dynamic characteristics, as well as their volume resistivity and coefficient of thermal conductivity. The studies revealed that the specific features of the fillers, above all their texture characteristics (specific surface area, presence and amount of micro- and mesopores) have a significant impact upon all studied properties of the composites. The complex evaluation has demonstrated that the composites containing glass–ceramic fillers, especially at 20–50 phr, are more suitable as substrates and insulating layers in flexible antennas for wireless communications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sebastian M, Namitha L (2017) In: Sebastian M, Ubic R, Jantunen H (eds) Microwave materials and applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboken

  2. Zeimaran E, Pourshahrestani S, Djordjevic I, Pingguan-Murphy B, Kadri NA, Towler MR (2015) Bioactive glass reinforced elastomer composites for skeletal regeneration: a review. Mater Sci EngC 53:175–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Silva MJ, Soares VO, Dias GC, Santos RJ, Job AE, Sanches AO, Malmonge JA (2018) Study of thermal and mechanical properties of a biocomposite based on natural rubber and 45S5 Bioglass particles. J Therm Anal Calorim 131:735–742

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dick TA, Dos Santos LA (2017) In situ synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite/natural rubber composites for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C 77:874–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wen J, Li Y, Zuo Y, Zhou G, Li J, Jiang L, Xu W (2008) Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/silicone rubber composite. Mater Lett 62:3307–3309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Al-Sehemi AG, Al-Ghamdi AA, Dishovsky NT, Radev LN, Mihailova IK, Malinova PA, Atanasov NT, Gabriela L, Atanasova GL (2020) Natural rubber–based composites filled with bioglasses from a CaO–SiO2–P2O5–Ag2O system:effect of Ag2O concentration in the filler on composite properties. Polym Adv Technol 31:574–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sebastian M (2012) In: Nicolais L, Borzacchiello A (eds) Wiley encyclopedia of composites, 2nd edn. Wiley, Boston

  8. Karmakar B (2017) Functional glasses and glass ceramics: processing, properties and applications. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  9. Stabler C, Reitz A, Stein P, Albert B, Riedel R, Ionesku E (2018) Thermal properties of SiOC (silicone oxide carbides) glass and glass ceramics at elevated temperatures. Materials 11:279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Soltys M, Górny A, Pisarska J, Pisarski WA (2018) Electrical and optical properties of glasses and glass ceramics. J Non-Cryst Solids 498:352–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. De Aza PN, De Aza AH, Pena P, De Aza S (2007) Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 46:45–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ismail I (1992) Cross-sectional areas of adsorbed nitrogen, argon, krypton, and oxygen on carbons and fumed silicas at liquid nitrogen temperature. Langmuir 8:360–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Barrett EP, Joyner LG, Halenda PP (1951) Thedetermination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances: I. computations from nitrogen isotherms. J Am Chem Soc 73:373–380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. De Boehr JH, Linsen BG, Van der Plas TH, Zondervan GJ (1965) Studies on pore systems in catalysts: VII. description of the pore dimensions of carbon blacks by the t method. J Catal 4:649–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Flory PJ (1953) Principles of polymer chemistry. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

    Google Scholar 

  17. Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Solamy FR, Dishovsky N, Malinova P, Atanasova G, Atanasov N (2016) Conductive carbon black/magnetite hybrid fillers in microwave absorbing composites based on natural rubber. Composites B 96:231–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fukahori Y (2010) Mechanisms of self-reinforcement of cross-linked NR generated through the strain-induced crystallization. Polymer 51:1621–1631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bokobza L (2019) Natural rubber nanocomposites: a review. Nanocomposites 9:12

    Google Scholar 

  20. Edwards DC (1990) Polymer-filler interactions in rubber reinforcement. J Mater Sci 25:4175–4185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mirsha M, Singh AP, Sambyal P, Teotia S, Dhawan SK (2014) Facile synthesis of phenolic resin sheet consisting expanded graphite/Fe2O3/SiO2composite and its enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding properties. Indian J Pure Appl Phys 52:478–485

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The team of authors acknowledges Grant # RCAMS/KKU/005-19 provided by the King Khalid University for this research through the Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box: 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box: 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi

  4. Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Nikolay T. Dishovsky, Lachezar Radev, Irena Mihailova & Petrunka A. Malinova

  5. Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South-West University ‘Neofit Rilski’, 2400, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria

    Nikolay T. Atanasov & Gabriela L. Atanasova

Authors
  1. Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nikolay T. Dishovsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lachezar Radev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Irena Mihailova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Petrunka A. Malinova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Nikolay T. Atanasov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Gabriela L. Atanasova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nikolay T. Dishovsky.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Al-Sehemi, A.G., Al-Ghamdi, A.A., Dishovsky, N.T. et al. Natural rubber composites containing fillers of sol–gel glasses and glass–ceramics in the CaO–SiO2–P2O5 system. Iran Polym J 29, 799–810 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00841-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00841-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation