Abstract
In Brazil, the productive and sustainable use of Amazonian soils under agroforestry systems (AFS) has been considered a research challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical attributes of a soil under AFS, comparing it with the soil under an adjacent secondary forest (SF). The study was carried out in an AFS area cultivated with passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), between 2005 and 2019. Both study areas (AFS and SF) were divided into five blocks. Sampling was carried out in two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm), which was subjected to chemical analysis to determine the pH in water, contents of macro- and micronutrients, exchangeable bases, exchangeable aluminum, base saturation, cation exchange capacity and organic matter contents. As for the physical attributes, penetration resistance (PR) up to 40 cm deep in the soil was evaluated, using 50 randomized measurement per study area. The contents of macronutrients were higher in AFS, and the content of organic matter was higher in SF. The contents of micronutrients did not follow a specific pattern, and presented a similar distribution in both environments. The PR was higher in SF, showing a linear behavior that increases with increasing depths, while in AFS, there was a stabilization tendency within soil depth. Soil fertility was better in AFS, mainly due to the residual contents of periodic fertilization, in addition to presenting better conditions for root establishment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alfaia SS, Ribeiro GA, Nobre AD, Luizão RC, Luizão FG (2004) Evaluation of soil fertility in smallholder agroforestry systems and pastures in western Amazonia. Agr Ecosyst Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.08.011
Barreto AC, Lima FHS, Freire MBG, Freire FJ (2006) Características químicas e físicas de um solo sob floresta, sistema agroflorestal e pastagem no sul da Bahia. Rev Caatinga 19:415–425. https://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/index.php/caatinga/article/view/66
Béliveau A, Lucotte M, Davidson R, Paquet S, Mertens F, Passos CJ, Romana CA (2017) Reduction of soil erosion and mercury losses in agroforestry systems compared to forests and cultivated fields in the Brazilian Amazon. J Environ Manage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.037
Carmo DL, Nanetti DC, Lacerda TM, Nanetti NA, Santo DJE (2012) Micronutrientes em solo e folha de cafeeiro sob sistema agroflorestal no sul de minas gerais. Coffee Sci 7:76–83. https://www.sbicafe.ufv.br:80/handle/123456789/7903
Carvalho VGB, Nascimento CWA, Biondi CM (2012) Potencial de fertilizantes e corretivos no aporte de micronutrientes ao solo. Rev Bras Ciência Solo. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832012000300023
Chauhan SK, Singh S, Sharma S, Vashist BB, Sharma R, Saralch HS (2018) Soil health (physical, chemical and biological) status under short rotation tree plantations on riverain soils. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7:1599–1605. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue5/PartAB/7-4-730-360.pdf
Collier LS, Araújo GP (2010) Fertilidade do solo sob sistemas de produção de subsistência, agrofloresta e vegetação remanescente em Esperantina, Tocantins. Floresta Ambiente. https://doi.org/10.4322/floram.2011.005
Cotrufo MF, Soong JL, Horton AJ, Campbell EE, Haddix ML, Wall DH, Parton WJ (2015) Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss. Nat Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2520
Couto WH, Anjos LHC, Wadt PGS, Pereira MG (2016) Atributos edáficos e resistência a penetração em áreas de sistemas agroflorestais no sudoeste amazônico. Ciência Florest. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509824210
Durigan M, Cherubin MR, Camargo PB, Ferreira JN, Berenguer E, Gardner TA, Barlow J, Dias CTS, Signor D, Oliveira Júnior RC, Cerri CEP (2017) Soil organic matter responses to anthropogenic forest disturbance and land use change in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030379
Ebeling AG, Anjos LHC, Perez DV, Pereira MG, Valladares GS (2008) Relação entre acidez e outros atributos químicos em solos com teores elevados de matéria orgânica. Bragantia. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052008000200019
Embrapa (2009) Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brasília
Embrapa (2016) Mapas de solos e de aptidão agrícola de áreas alteradas do Pará. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém
Ferreira SJF, Luizão FJ, Miranda SAF, Silva MSR, Vital ART (2006) Nutrientes na solução do solo em floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central submetida à extração seletiva de madeira. Acta Amazon. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672006000100008
Fonte SJ, Barrios E, Six J (2010) Earthworms, soil fertility and aggregate-associated soil organic matter dynamics in the Quesungual agroforestry system. Geoderma. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016
Freitas IC, Santos FCV, Custódio Filho RO, Silva NRA, Correchel V (2012) Resistência à penetração em Neossolo Quartzarênico submetido a diferentes formas de manejo. Rev Bras Eng Agr Ambient. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-43662012001200003
Gama-Rodrigues AC, Sales MVS, Silva PSD, Comenford NB, Cropper WP, Gama-Rodrigues EF (2014) An exploratory analysis of phosphorus transformations in tropical soils using structural equation modelling. Biogeochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9946-x
Imtiaz M, Rashid A, Khan P, Memon MY, Aslam M (2010) The role of micronutrients in crop production and human health. Pak J Bot 42:2565–2578. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muhammad_Imtiaz6/publication/228502279_The_role_of_micronutrients_in_crop_production_and_human_health/links/09e41511dd9aca5861000000.pdf
Iwata BF, Leite LFC, Araújo ASF, Nunes LAPL, Gehring C, Campos LP (2012) Sistemas agroflorestais e seus efeitos sobre os atributos químicos em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo do Cerrado piauiense. Rev Bras Eng Agr Ambient. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-43662012000700005
Junqueira AB, Souza NB, Stomph TJ, Almekinders CJM, Clement CR, Struik PC (2016) Soil fertility gradients shape the agrobiodiversity of Amazonian homegardens. Agr Ecosyst Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.002
Lima SS, Leite LFC, Oliveira FC, Costa DB (2011) Atributos químicos e estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob sistemas agroflorestais e agricultura de corte e queima no norte do Piauí. Rev Árvore. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-67622011000100006
Liu W, Chunjing Z, Junen W, Chunfeng C (2016) Are rubber-based agroforestry systems effective in controlling rain splash erosion? CATENA. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.06.034
Mantovanelli BC, Campos MCC, Alho LC, Franciscon U, Nascimento MF, Santos LAC (2016) Distribuição espacial dos componentes da acidez do solo em área de campo natural na região de Humaitá, Amazonas. Rev Ciência Agroambiental 14:01–09. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306888224_Distribuicao_espacial_dos_componentes_da_acidez_do_solo_em_area_de_campo_natural_na_regiao_de_Humaita_Amazonas
Marques JDO, Luizão FJ, Teixeira WG, Vitel CM, Marques EMDA (2016) Soil organic carbon, carbon stock and their relationships to physical attributes under forest soils in central Amazonia. Rev árvore. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000200002
Moline EFV, Coutinho ELM (2015) Atributos químicos de solos da Amazônia Ocidental após sucessão da mata nativa em áreas de cultivo. Rev Ciências Agrárias 58:14–20. https://periodicos.ufra.edu.br/index.php/ajaes/article/view/1683
Monroe PHM, Gama-Rodrigues EF, Gama-Rodrigues AC, Marques JRB (2016) Soil carbon stocks and origin under different cacao agroforestry systems in Southern Bahia, Brazil. Agr Ecosyst Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.022
Moreira A, Fageria NK (2008) Potential of Brazilian Amazon soils for food and fiber productions. Dyn Soils Dyn Plants 2:82–88. https://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0812/DSDP_2(1&2)/DSDP_2(2)82-88o.pdf
Natale W, Rozane DE, Parent LE, Parent S (2012) Acidez do solo e calagem em pomares de frutíferas tropicais. Rev Bras Frutic. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452012000400041
Navarrete AA, Tsai SM, Mendes LW, Faust K, Hollander M, Cassman NA, Raes J, Veen JAV, Kuramae EE (2015) Soil microbiome responses to the short-term effects of Amazonian deforestation. Mol Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13172
Oliveira BS, Carvalho MAC, Lange A, Dallacort R, Silva VP (2015) Resistência do solo à penetração em áreas sob o sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, na região amazônica. Encicl Biosf 11:3678–3689. https://www.conhecer.org.br/enciclop/2015c/agrarias/resistencia%2520do%2520solo.pdf
Pérez-Flores J, Pérez AA, Suárez YP, Bolaina VC, Quiroga AL (2018) Leaf litter and its nutrient contribution in the cacao agroforestry system. Agrofor Syst. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0096-3
Ponisio LC, M’gonigle LK, Mace KC, Palomino J, Valpine P, Kremen C (2015) Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1396
Quesada CA, Lloyd J, Anderson LO, Fyllas NM, Schwarz M, Czimczik CI (2011) Soils of Amazonia with particular reference to the RAINFOR sites. Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1415-2011
Ralisch R, Miranda TM, Okumura RS, Barbosa GMC, Guimarães MF, Scopel E, Balbino LC (2008) Resistência à penetração de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo do Cerrado sob diferentes sistemas de manejo. Rev Bras Eng Agr Ambient. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-43662008000400008
Rosenstock TS, Tully KL, Arias-Navarro C, Neufeldt H, Butterbach-Bahl K, Verchot LV (2014) Agroforestry with N2-fixing trees: sustainable development's friend or foe? Curr Opin Environ Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.09.001
Rutkowska B, Szulc W, Sosulski T, Stępień W (2014) Soil micronutrient availability to crops affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applications. Plant Soil Environ. https://doi.org/10.17221/914/2013-PSE
Schwab N, Schickhoff U, Fischer E (2015) Transition to agroforestry significantly improves soil quality: A case study in the central mid-hills of Nepal. Agr Ecosyst Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.03.004
Silva Junior CA, Boechat CL, Carvalho LA (2012) Atributos químicos do solo sob conversão de floresta amazônica para diferentes sistemas na região norte do Pará, Brasil. Biosci J 28:566–572. https://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/biosciencejournal/article/view/13640
Silva DC, Silva MLN, Curi N, Oliveira AH, Souza FS, Martins SG, Macedo RLG (2011) Atributos do solo em sistemas agroflorestais, cultivo convencional e floresta nativa. Rev estud ambient 13:77–86. https://proxy.furb.br/ojs/index.php/rea/article/view/2320
Singh A, Sharma R, Chauhan SK, Sharma S (2016) Effect of different tree species on soil properties under agroforestry system. Indian J Ecol 43:348–351
Souza ES, Fernandes AR, Braz AMS, Oliveira FJ, Alleoni LRF, Campos MCC (2018) Physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes of a representative group of soils from the eastern Amazon region in Brazil. Soil. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-4-195-2018
Verma A, Saralch HS, Chauhan SK, Saresh NV, Sankanur M, Srivastva V (2013) Growth behaviour of poplar (Populus deltoides) clones under farm forestry. Indian For 139:1079–1083
Wendling B, Vinhal-Freitas IC, Oliveira RC, Babata MM, Borges EM (2012) Densidade, agregação e porosidade do solo em áreas de conversão do cerrado em floresta de pinus, pastagem e plantio direto. Biosci J 28:256–262 https://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/biosciencejournal/article/view/13277
Funding
This research was supported by CNPq (Centro Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and Embrapa Amazônia Oriental.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by SFdaSC, RMA, MAPG, RPdeO, JLPN and VMNL. SFdaSC wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts of interests in this article.
Availability of data and material
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaves, S.F.d., Gama, M.A.P., Alves, R.M. et al. Evaluation of physicochemical attributes of a yellow latosol under agroforestry system as compared to secondary forest in the Eastern Amazon. Agroforest Syst 94, 1903–1912 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00513-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00513-6