Abstract
Regular ripples at the interface between the granular medium and the fluid in a rapidly rotating cylinder are experimentally studied. We consider two types of ripple formation. First, the ripple formation in a uniformly rotating horizontal cylinder filled with granular medium, fluid and air. In this case, oscillations of the multiphase system in the rotating reference frame are excited by gravity. Second, the ripple formation under the fluid oscillations in a cylinder filled with fluid and granular medium and rotating with a modulated rotation rate (librating cylinder). For this type of ripple formation, the effect of gravity is negligible compared to that of centrifugal force of inertia. It is found that the ripple azimuthal length is determined by the angular amplitude of the fluid oscillations in the vicinity of the sand bed and is not affected by the frequency of the fluid oscillations. The experimental data on the steepness of both types of the ripples favorably agree with each other and predictions of (Nielsen in J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 86(C7): 6467-6472, 1981). Differences in experimental research between normal gravity and microgravity are highlighted.
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The work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 18-71-10053).
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Polezhaev, D. The Geometry of Sand Ripples in a Uniformly Rotating and Librating Horizontal Cylinder. Microgravity Sci. Technol. 32, 807–816 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-020-09810-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-020-09810-2