Abstract
The bark of the tree species Myrcia eximia DC., which occurs in secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon, is described for the first time. The aim was to provide a broad knowledge of its composition, to add value, and to direct uses to the bark of this species based on its polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The bark is formed by conducting phloem, nonconducting phloem, and rhytidome. In addition, dead phloem occurs between the periderms. The average chemical composition of the bark was 45.6% total extractives, 1.4% suberin, 1.7% ash, and 21.1% lignin. The ethanol-water extract had a high content of flavonoids and condensed tannins [300.8 and 877.3 mg catechin equivalents (CE) g−1 of the extract, respectively]. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the presence of rutin, quercetin, and gallic, ferulic, and o-coumaric acids. The bark extract showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, which was superior to that of the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with an IC50 of 85.2 μg mL−1. Based on these results, it is evident that the bark of M. eximia from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest is a new and potential natural source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants, and its extracts can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and in various condensed tannin-based products.
Acknowledgements
We thank Carlos Alberto S. da Silva for help with identification of the species.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: The authors thank the Research Support Foundation of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES; Funding Code 001) for providing equipment and financial support.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare to have no conflict of interests.
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