Abstract
The study results of the effect exerted by steel grade and heat treatment of grinding balls with a diameter of 100 mm on the hardness, wear and impact resistance, as well as on the tendency to quenching crack embrittlement, are presented. The following effects have been studied: alloying carbon steel (0.6–1.5% of C) with 0.9–5.0% of Cr; 0.6–3.0% of Mn and 0.4–1.7% of Si, and for additional alloying (≤12.0% of Cr) exerted on the structure, surface and bulk hardness; as well as relative wear resistance on the impact resistance of balls in the initial and heat-strengthened condition. By dilatometry means, critical temperatures Ac1 and Ac3 of the onset and completion of the polymorphic transformation α → γ in the studied hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels have been determined in the course of heating. It is recommended to perform the quenching of balls with a diameter ≥100 mm made of hypoeutectoid (0.6–0.75% of C) steels alloyed with 0.9–1.1% of Cr, 0.6–0.8% of Mn and 0.2–0.4% of Si in water or oil. In this case, the quenching temperature should amount to 830–850°C or 860–880°C, respectively, whereas the tempering after quenching should be performed at a temperature of 280–320°C.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Stalinskii, D.V., Rudyuk, A.S., Solenyi, V.K., and Yudin, A.V., Improving the quality of steel grinding balls, Steel Transl., 2017, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 130–136.
Vavilkin, N.M. and Chelnokov, V.V., Material selection for production of grinding balls, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Chern. Metall., 2002, no. 1, pp. 41–46.
Stalinskii, D.V., Rudyuk, A.S., and Solenyi, V.K., Production of grinding balls resistant to abrasive wear, Steel Transl., 2017, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 421–427.
Kostyrkin, V.L., Gavrilets, M.G., Koval’, V.V., et al., Effective use of steel rolled grinding balls with higher hardness in the mining industry, Metall. Gornorudn. Prom-st., 1986, no. 3, pp. 49–50.
Tkachenko, F.K., Tikhonyuk, S.L., Efremenko, V.G., et al., Quality improvement of steel grinding balls by a regulated increase of hardenability, Stal’, 1999, no. 1, pp. 56–58.
Ignatov, V.A., Solenyi, V.K., Zhuk, V.L., et al., Basic principles for the selection of materials for the manufacture of grinding bodies operating under conditions of impact-abrasive, shock-corrosive abrasive, and impact-fatigue wear, Met. Lit’e Ukr., 2001, nos. 10–11, pp. 31–34.
Efremenko, V.G., Tkachenko, F.K., Kuz’min, S.O., et al., The effective use of high-quality grinding balls at the Central GOK (Mining and Processing Plant), Metall. Gornorudn. Prom-st., 2009, no. 1, pp. 90–93.
Steblov, A.B. and Berezov, S.N., Casted iron balls for grinding of the materials, Lit’e Metall., 2012, no. 3, pp. 45–50.
Lam, M.M., Serov, A.I., Smirnov, E.N., et al., Mastering the production of 40- and 60-mm-diam. grinding balls in hardness classes III and IV at the Donetsk Metal-Rolling Plant, Metallurgist, 2016, vol. 60, nos. 3–4, pp. 440–446.
Efremenko, V.G., Ganoshenko, I.V., Tkachenko, F.K., et al., Effect of macrostructural state of ball blank on the quality of steel products for the milling equipment, Met. Lit’e Ukr., 2002, nos. 9–10, pp. 40–43.
Lam M.M., Serov A.I., Smyrnov Y.N., et al., Production of hard (class V) grinding balls at PJSC “DMPZ,” Steel Transl., 2017, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 325–329.
GOST (State Standard) 7524–2015: Grinding Steel Balls for Ball Mills, Specifications, Moscow: Standartinform, 2016.
Efremenko, V.G., Tkachenko, F.K., Voznyuk, A.N., et al., Economic prerequisites for the use of high-quality grinding bodies and technological aspects of their production, Vost.-Evrop. Zh. Peredovykh Tekhnol., 2007, no. 1-1 (25), pp. 22–26.
Tkachenko, F.K. and Efremenko, V.G., Iron-carbon alloys for grinding bodies in wet grinding conditions, Metall. Gornorudn. Prom-st., 2009, no. 5, pp. 75–80.
Tsypin, I.I., Belye iznosostoikie chuguny. Struktura i svoistva (White Wear-Resistant Cast Irons: Structure and Properties), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1983.
Zhukov, A.A., Epshtein, L.Z., and Sil’man, G.I., Microstructure of steel and cast iron, and the Charpy test, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., 1971, no. 2, pp. 145–152.
Richter, B. and Bosel, D., Die dynamische Bruch zahigkeit-ein konstruktiver werkstoff-kein vert bei stobatiger Beanshruchung, Eisenbahntechnik, 1983, no. 4, pp. 162–165.
Popov, V.S., The resistance of alloys to fracture during abrasive wear, in Problemy treniya i iznashivaniya (Problems of Friction and Wear), Kiev: Tekhnika, 1973, pp. 22–29.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by O. Polyakov
About this article
Cite this article
Stalinskii, D.V., Rudyuk, A.S. & Solenyi, V.K. Grinding Balls for the First Stage of Iron Raw Grinding in Tumbling Mills. Steel Transl. 50, 116–127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091220020102
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091220020102