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Adhesion of anaerobic periodontal pathogens to extracellular matrix proteins

  • Bacterial and Fungal Pathogenesis - Review
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Abstract

Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are highly abundant in the human body and can be found in various tissues, most prominently in connective tissue and basement membrane. For invasive bacterial pathogens, these structures function as physical barriers that block access to underlying tissues. The ability to bind and degrade these barriers is important for the establishment of infections and migration to other body sites. In the oral cavity, the ECM and the basement membrane (BM) are important components of the Junctional epithelium (JE) that closes the gap between the teeth surface and the mucosa. In periodontitis, the JE is breached by invading pathogenic bacteria, particularly strict anaerobic species. In periodontitis, invading microorganisms induce an unregulated and destructive host response through polymicrobial synergism and dysbiosis that attracts immune cells and contributes to the destruction of connective tissue and bone in the periodontal pocket. Colonization of the periodontal pocket is the first step to establish this infection, and binding to ECM is a major advantage in this site. Several species of strict anaerobic bacteria are implicated in acute and chronic periodontitis, and although binding to ECM proteins was studied in these species, few adhesins were identified so far, and the mechanisms involved in adhesion are largely unidentified. This review summarizes the data available on the interaction of strict anaerobic bacteria and components of the ECM.

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Funding

This work was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—FAPERJ, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq, and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Pós-Graduação—CAPES.

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  1. Medical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, CCS - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco I - sala I2-06, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil

    Andressa Temperine de Oliveira Marre, Regina M. C. P. Domingues & Leandro A. Lobo

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Marre, A.T., Domingues, R.M.C.P. & Lobo, L.A. Adhesion of anaerobic periodontal pathogens to extracellular matrix proteins. Braz J Microbiol 51, 1483–1491 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00312-2

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