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Compound Lactobacillus sp. administration ameliorates stress and body growth through gut microbiota optimization on weaning piglets

  • Applied microbial and cell physiology
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Abstract

The composition of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets is easily affected by environmental changes, particularly during the weaning period. Compound strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus salivarius were supplemented to piglets during pre- and post-weaning to determine their effects in improving the growth performance and ameliorating the diarrhea rate and stress caused by antioxidation in piglets. A larger number of L. reuteri and L. salivarius colonized the distal segment of the ileum and the total numbers of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria were higher in the ileal mucous membrane and cecal lumen with probiotics supplementation. The numbers of antioxidants and immune molecules increased, levels of cortisol and endotoxin reduced, and growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 improved in the plasma following compound bacteria (CL) supplementation. Spearman’s and KEGG analysis of the bacterial operational taxonomic unit and antioxidative and immune indices and metabolic genes indicated that the body growth modulation by CL supplementation could be attributed to optimization of the intestinal bacterial composition; functional strains of L. delbrueckii, L. salivarius, L. formicilis, L. reuteri, and L. mucosae were positively correlated with body antioxidation and immunity derived by CL supplementation. Strains of L. agilis and L. pontis were diverse and negatively correlated with body antioxidation and immunity. Collectively, these results suggest that supplementation with CL could reduce stress and improve the growth performance of piglets during weaning by optimizing the intestinal bacterial composition.

Key points

• The colonization of L. reuteri and L. salivarius in ileal mucous membrane optimize bacterial composition of GIT, mainly some functional strains of Lactobacillus, L. delbrueckii, L. salivarius, L. formicilis, L. reuteri, and L. mucosae.

• The optimized bacterial composition of piglets in both ileal mucous membrane and cecal content improves body growth hormone level, immunity, and antioxidation, which is helpful to defend the stress. These benefits induce to increased growth performance of animal model piglets during weaning.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the fund of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory Project (No. 2019YL021), Anhui Science and Technology Key Project (No. 17030701008), Anhui Swine Industry Technology System Project (No. AHCYTX-05-09), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500509), and Science and Technology Program of Anhui Province (No. 1704A07020066).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, No. 40 of NongKe South of Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China

    Jiajun Yang, Chonglong Wang, Jing Wang & Xiaocheng Pan

  2. Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 of Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China

    Chonglong Wang & Jing Wang

  3. Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Kehe Huang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanminyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China

    Minhong Zhang

  5. Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China

    Xiaocheng Pan

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  1. Jiajun Yang
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  2. Chonglong Wang
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  3. Kehe Huang
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  4. Minhong Zhang
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  5. Jing Wang
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Contributions

JY designed the study, fed the piglets and recorded the growth data, wrote the paper, and established the qRT-PCR assay. MZ and XP measured the levels of plasma antioxidant, immunity and hormonal indexes, and mRNA level. JW analyzed the data of plasma antioxidant, and immunity and hormonal indexes. CW and KH were involved in technical direction. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for the English language editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chonglong Wang or Kehe Huang.

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Ethical statement

The experimental protocols in this study, including those related to animal husbandry and slaughter, were approved by the Institution of Animal Science and Welfare of Anhui Province (no. IASWAP2017056937). The experimental guidelines and treatment, housing, and husbandry conditions conformed to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China.

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Yang, J., Wang, C., Huang, K. et al. Compound Lactobacillus sp. administration ameliorates stress and body growth through gut microbiota optimization on weaning piglets. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104, 6749–6765 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10727-4

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