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Usage, definition, and measurement of coexistence, tolerance and acceptance in wildlife conservation research in Africa

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Abstract

The terms ‘coexistence’, ‘tolerance,’ and ‘acceptance’ appear frequently in conservation literature, but lack consistent characterization, making them difficult to apply across intervention frameworks. This review aims to describe the common characterizations of these three terms using Africa-based research as a case study. Through systematic lexical searches, we identified 392 papers containing one or more of the three terms. We assessed their usage, definition, and measurement (or lack thereof) in wildlife conservation. Coexistence was used in 46% of papers, but was defined in only 2% and measured in 4%. Tolerance and acceptance were used in 63% and 61% of the papers in which they appeared, respectively, defined in 4% and 2%, and measured in 19% and 5%. These results confirm the lack of clear understanding of these concepts and evidence the need for a precise lexicon. This would allow conservationists to cohesively describe their work and increase replicability of research across contexts.

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Notes

  1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coexist.

  2. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tolerate.

  3. https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/accept.

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Acknowledgements

At the time of writing, JAG was the associate director of the Community Engagement Team of the San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research. JK was supported by a research fellowship from Institute for Conservation Research. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.

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  1. Jenny Anne Glikman

    Present address: Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados (IESA-CSIC), Campo Santo de los Mártires 7, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA, 92027, USA

    Jillian Knox, Kirstie Ruppert & Jenny Anne Glikman

  2. Arizona State University’s Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law, 111 E Taylor Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85287, USA

    Jillian Knox

  3. Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA

    Kirstie Ruppert & Carly C. Sponarski

  4. Capital Regional District-Regional Parks Canada, Victoria, BC, V9B2Z8, Canada

    Beatrice Frank

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Knox, J., Ruppert, K., Frank, B. et al. Usage, definition, and measurement of coexistence, tolerance and acceptance in wildlife conservation research in Africa. Ambio 50, 301–313 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01352-6

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