2.333-Tbit/s bi-directional optical mobile networks using optical wireless communication (OWC)
Introduction
Different optical and wireless access techniques have been proposed to meet the continuous increase in bandwidth demands, including passive optical networks (PONs) and radio-over-fiber (ROF) networks [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]. Recently, optical wireless communication (OWC) has emerged as a complementary or alternative technology to radio-frequency (RF) communication since it can offer cost efficient and secure access solutions for wireless communication and at the same time relieve the pressure on the highly congested RF spectrum. In order to increase the time/frequency resource utilization, different radio access networks (RANs) have been proposed for the beyond 5G networks [11], [12], [13]. Besides, using visible-light-communication (VLC) for the optical wireless communication has attracted much attention recently [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]. VLC is also regarded as an important technology for the 5G and beyond mobile networks [19], [20]. In the RAN, it was proposed that the conventional baseband unit (BBU) is divided into two entities, known as the central-unit (CU) and the distributed-unit (DU). The connection between CU and DU is known as the mobile midhaul; and the connection between DU and remote-radio-unit (RRU) is known as mobile fronthaul [21]. In this network definition, the user-equipment (UE) is not included in the fronthaul.
In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a 2.333-Tb/s bi-directional optical mobile network using OWC. At the midhaul, an aggregated 2.333-Tb/s transmission is achieved using wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) infrared (IR) based invisible light communication (IVLC). For the link between the RRU and UE, 2.7 Gb/s white-light visible-light-communication (VLC) transmission is achieved for indoor 1.5 m transmission. It can provide communication and lighting simultaneously. A gateway (GW) is also proposed acting as the interface between the IVLC and VLC transmissions. The GW performs the data aggregation and de-aggregation similar to that reported in [22]. In the proposed architecture, about 400 VLC end-users can be supported.
Section snippets
Architecture and experiment
The proposed RAN with the mobile optical network is shown in Fig. 1(a). The bi-directional midhaul is implemented by using C- and L-band IR OWC; while the link between the RRU and UE is implemented by VLC and IR transmissions. Fig. 1(b) shows the experimental setup of the bi-directional OWC midhaul architecture. 21 wavelength channels at C-band from 1530.33 nm to 1560.61 nm are used for the downlink transmission; and 21 wavelength channels at L-band from 1575.78 nm to 1608.33 nm are used for
Results and discussion
For the midhaul, we arbitrarily selected two downlink wavelengths at 1550.12 nm and 1560.61 nm; and two uplink wavelengths at 1580.35 nm and 1600.60 nm to illustrate the measured signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), power-loading applied, bit-loading applied, and the quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) constellation diagrams as shown in Fig. 3(a)–(f) and Fig. 4(a)–(f) respectively. For the 1550.12 nm and 1560.61 nm downlink wavelength channel, the average SNRs are 17.33 dB and 17.36 dB, and the
Conclusions
We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a bi-directional optical mobile network architecture based on OWC. OWC could provide flexible, cost-effective and time-constrained link, while maintaining optical fiber-like transmission capacity. For the midhaul, 21 channels at C-band downlink from 1530.33 nm to 1560.61 nm; and 21 channels at L-band uplink from 1575.78 nm to 1608.33 nm were used. The data rate of every channel at C-band and L-band were 46.2 Gb/s and 54.3 Gb/s respectively. The
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Funding
This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC, MOST-106-2221-E-009-105-MY3, MOST-107-2221-E-009-118-MY3, and MOST-108-2218-E-009-031.
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