Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structural Networks Constraints on Alteration and Mineralization Processes in the Jiaojia Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China

  • Mineral Deposits
  • Published:
Journal of Earth Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Structural network studies could give appropriate opportunities to understanding structural/hydrothermal events, transportation of ore-forming fluids and water/rock interaction process. Four structural deformation/hydrothermal events have been identified in the Jiaojia fault zone according to microtexture and deformation of quartz and feldspars. Plagioclase experienced ductile deformation period with bended polysynthetic twin stripes (>450 °C) in the early stage, followed by K-feldspar alteration period with ductile-brittle deformation and subgrain rotation recrystallization of quartz (380–450 °C). Then, sericitization period occurred extensive ductile-brittle deformation (350–420 °C) and extensive subgrain rotation recrystallization with a little bulging recrystallization in quartz. In the last, gold precipitation-related pyrite-sericite-quartz alteration was dominated by brittle deformation (300–380 °C) and total bulging recrystallization of quartz. From the K-feldspar alteration zone and sericitization zone to pyrite-sericitequartz alteration zone, fractal dimension values of dynamically recrystallized quartz grains increase from 1.07 and 1.24 to 1.32, the calculated paleo strain rate values of dynamically recrystallized quartz range from 10−10.7 (380 °C)−10−96 (450 °C) and 10−9.3 (350 °C)−10−82 (420 °C) to 10−9.5 (300 °C)−10−80 (380 °C), and the paleo differential stress values increase from 36.9 and 39.3, to 121.3 MPa. The increase of fractal dimension values and decrease of grain size from pyrite-sericite-quartz alteration zone and sericitization zone to K-feldspar alteration zone decreased average water/rock ratio values, which could lead to different acidity and redox conditions of ore-forming fluids and mineralization differences. Two kinds of orecontrolling fractures have been distinguished which include the gentle dip types (18°–50°) with NW (315°–355°) and SW (180°–235°) dip hosting No. I orebodies and the steep dip types (74°–90°) with NE (45°–85°) and SE (95°–165°) dip hosting No. III orebodies. These faults/fractures crosscut altered Linglong granite of footwall of the Jiaojia fault zone as rhombohedrons that promoted the connection between fractures in the K-feldspar alteration zone and fluid flow passages near the main fault face. Research results indicate No. I and No. III orebodies should be derived from the same mineralization event and belong to different orebody types in different mineralization sites under the same structural networks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References Cited

  • Cai, Y. C., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., et al., 2018. Decratonic Gold Mineralization: Evidence from the Shangzhuang Gold Deposit, Eastern North China Craton. Gondwana Research 54(Suppl. C): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.09.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai, Y. C., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., et al., 2013. Evolution of the Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Southeastern North China Craton: Constraints from Mafic Dikes in the Jiaobei Terrain. Gondwana Research 24(2): 601–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.11.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charles, N., Gumiaux, C., Augier, R., et al., 2011. Metamorphic Core Complexes vs. Synkinematic Plutons in Continental Extension Setting: Insights from Key Structures (Shandong Province, Eastern China). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 40(1): 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjseaes.2010.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, J., Liu, X. F., Wang, Q. F., et al., 2015. Origin of the Jiaodong-Type Xinli Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from Fluid Inclusion and C-D-O-S-Sr Isotope Compositions. Ore Geology Reviews 65(3): 674–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.04.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, J., Yang, L. Q., Fang, Y., et al., 2000. Nested Fractal Structure and Self-Ordered Effect of Metallogenic System. Earth Science Frontiers 7(1): 33–146 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, J., Yang, L. Q., Li, R. H., et al., 2019. Regional Structural Control on the Distribution of World-Class Gold Deposits: An Overview from the Giant Jiaodong Gold Province, China. Geological Journal 54(1): 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding, S. J., Zhai, Y. S., 2000. Fractal Study of Structural Traces in Jiaojia Gold Deposit, Jiaodong, China. Earth Science—.Journal of China University of Geosciences 25(4): 416–420 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H. R., Feng, K., Li, X. H., et al., 2016. Mesozoic Gold Mineralization in the Jiaodong and Korean Peninsulas. Acta Petrologica Sinica 32(10): 3225–3238 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H. R., Hu, F. F., Yang, J. H., et al., 2005. Fluid Evolution and Large-Scale Gold Metallogeny during Mesozoic Tectonic Transition in the Eastern Shandong Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica 21(5): 1317–1328 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H. R., Zhai, M. G., Xie, Y. H., et al., 2003. Ore-Forming Fluids Associated with Granite-Hosted Gold Mineralization at the Sanshandao Deposit, Jiaodong Gold Province, China. Mineralium Deposita 38(6): 739–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0368-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng, K., Fan, H. R., Groves, D. I., et al., 2019. Geochronological and Sulfur Isotopic Evidence for the Genesis of the Post-Magmatic, Deeply Sourced, and anomalously Gold-Rich Daliuhang Orogenic Deposit, Jiaodong, China. Mineralium Deposita, 55: 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-019-00882-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng, K., Fan, H. R., Hu, F. F., et al., 2018. Involvement of Anomalously As-Au-Rich Fluids in the Mineralization of the Heilan’gou Gold Deposit, Jiaodong, China: Evidence from Trace Element Mapping and in-situ Sulfur Isotope Composition. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 160: 304–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.12.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, R. J., Groves, D. I., Cawood, P. A., et al., 2015. Orogenic Gold: Common or Evolving Fluid and Metal Sources through Time. Lithos, 233: 2–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.07.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, R. J., Santosh, M., 2014. The Dilemma of the Jiaodong Gold Deposits: Are They Unique?. Geoscience Frontiers 5(2): 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.11.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groves, D. I., Goldfarb, R. J., Gebre-Mariam, M., et al., 1998. Orogenic Gold Deposits: A Proposed Classification in the Context of Their Crustal Distribution and Relationship to Other Gold Deposit Types. Ore Geology Reviews 13(1–5): 7–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-1368(97)00012-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, J. H., Chen, F. K., Zhang, X. M., et al., 2005. Evolution of Syn- to Post-Collisional Magmatism from North Sulu UHP Belt, Eastern China: Zircon U-Pb Geochronology. Acta Petrologica Sinica 21(4): 1281–1301 (In Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedenquist, J. W., Taran, Y. A., 2013. Modeling the Formation of Advanced Argillic Lithocaps: Volcanic Vapor Condensation above Porphyry Intrusions. Economic Geology 108(7): 1523–1540. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.7.1523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, P., Yang, K. F., Fan, H. R., et al., 2016. Titanite-Scale Insights into Multi-Stage Magma Mixing in Early Cretaceous of NW Jiaodong Terrane, North China Craton. Lithos, 258: 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.04.028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruhl, J. H., Nega, M., 1996. The Fractal Shape of Sutured Quartz Grain Boundaries: Application as a Geothermometer. Geologische Rundschau 85(1): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00192058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L., Santosh, M., Li, S. R., 2015. The ‘Jiaodong Type’ Gold Deposits: Characteristics, Origin and Prospecting. Ore Geology Reviews, 65: 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.06.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. C., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., et al., 2013. Hydrothermal Alteration Associated with Mesozoic Granite-Hosted Gold Mineralization at the Sanshandao Deposit, Jiaodong Gold Province, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 53: 403–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.01.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. H., Fan, H. R., Hu, F. F., et al., 2019. Linking Lithospheric Thinning and Magmatic Evolution of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Granitoids in the Jiaobei Terrane, Southeastern North China Craton. Lithos, 324/325: 280–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.11.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. H., Fan, H. R., Zhang, Y. W., et al., 2018. Rapid Exhumation of the Northern Jiaobei Terrane, North China Craton in the Early Cretaceous: Insights from Al-in-Hornblende Barometry and U-Pb Geochronology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 160: 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z. S., Tian, X. L., Zhang, W. J., et al., 2013. Fractal Analysis of East-West Ductile Shear Zone in Guachehe Town Area, Tongcheng, Anhui and Its Applicability of Strain-Rate Estimation. Science & Technology Review 31(20): 15–19 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, L., Jiang, S. Y., Hofmann, A. W., et al., 2014. Lithospheric and Asthenospheric Sources of Lamprophyres in the Jiaodong Peninsula: A Consequence of Rapid Lithospheric Thinning beneath the North China Craton?. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 124: 250–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, W. D., Fan, H. R., Liu, X., et al., 2017. Geochronological Framework of the Xiadian Gold Deposit in the Jiaodong Province, China: Implications for the Timing of Gold Mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 86: 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.02.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, W. D., Fan, H. R., Liu, X., et al., 2018. Hydrothermal Fluid Evolution of the Jintingling Gold Deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from U-Pb Age, CL Imaging, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 160: 287–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjseaes.2017.12.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mamtani, M. A., 2010. Strain-Rate Estimation Using Fractal Analysis of Quartz Grains in naturally Deformed Rocks. Journal of the Geological Society of India 75(1): 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-010-0008-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mao, J. W., Wang, Y. T., Li, H. M., et al., 2008. The Relationship of Mantle-Derived Fluids to Gold Metallogenesis in the Jiaodong Peninsula: Evidence from D-O-C-S Isotope Systematics. Ore Geology Reviews 33(3/4): 361–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, M., Rusk, B., Palandri, J., 2013. The Butte Magmatic-Hydrothermal System: One Fluid Yields All Alteration and Veins. Economic Geology 108(6): 1379–1396. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.6.1379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, M. H., Palandri, J., 2006. Sulfide Mineral Precipitation from Hydrothermal Fluids. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 61(1): 609–631. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.61.11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz, C. H., 1988. The Brittle-Plastic Transition and the Depth of Seismic Faulting. Geologische Rundschau 77(1): 319–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01848693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sillitoe, R. H., 2010. Porphyry Copper Systems. Economic Geology 105(1): 3–41. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.1.3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song, M. C., Cui, S. X., Zhou, M. L., et al., 2010. The Deep Oversize Gold Deposit in the Jiaojia Field, Shandong Province and Its Enlightenment for the Jiaojia-Type Gold Deposits. Acta Geologica Sinica 84(9): 1350–1358 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stipp, M., Stünitz, H., Heilbronner, R., et al., 2002. The Eastern Tonale Fault Zone: A ‘Natural Laboratory’ for Crystal Plastic Deformation of Quartz over a Temperature Range from 250 to 700 °C. Journal of Structural Geology 24(12): 1861–1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00035-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stipp, M., Tullis, J., 2003. The Recrystallized Grain Size Piezometer for Quartz. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(21). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018444

  • Takahashi, M., Nagahama, H., Masuda, T., et al., 1998. Fractal Analysis of Experimentally, Dynamically Recrystallized Quartz Grains and Its Possible Application as a Strain Rate Meter. Journal of Structural Geology 20(2/3): 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(97)00072-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twiss, R. J., Moores, E. M., 2007. Structural Geology. 2nd ed. W H Freeman & Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z. L., Yang, L. Q., Guo, L. N., et al., 2015. Fluid Immiscibility and Gold Deposition in the Xincheng Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: A Fluid Inclusion Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 65: 701–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.06.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen, B. J., Fan, H. R., Hu, F. F., et al., 2016. Fluid Evolution and Ore Genesis of the Giant Sanshandao Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Gold Province, China: Constrains from Geology, Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S-He-Ar Isotopic Compositions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 171: 96–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.01.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen, B. J., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., et al., 2015. Genesis of Two Different Types of Gold Mineralization in the Linglong Gold Field, China: Constrains from Geology, Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotope. Ore Geology Reviews, 65: 643–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, A. J., Cooke, D. R., Harper, B. J., et al., 2007. Sulfur Isotopic Zonation in the Cadia District, Southeastern Australia: Exploration Significance and Implications for the Genesis of Alkalic Porphyry Gold-Copper Deposits. Mineralium Deposita 42(5): 465–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0071-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, W. G., Fan, H. R., Yang, K. F., et al., 2016. Exhaustive Gold Mineralizing Processes of the Sanshandao Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Displayed by Hydrothermal Alteration Modeling. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 129: 152–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.08.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, K. F., Fan, H. R., Santosh, M., et al., 2012. Reactivation of the Archean Lower Crust: Implications for Zircon Geochronology, Elemental and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Geochemistry of Late Mesozoic Granitoids from Northwestern Jiaodong Terrane, the North China Craton. Lithos, 146/147(8): 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.04.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, K. F., Jiang, P., Fan, H. R., et al., 2018. Tectonic Transition from a Compressional to Extensional Metallogenic Environment at ∼120 Ma Revealed in the Hushan Gold Deposit, Jiaodong, North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 160: 408–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.08.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L. Q., Deng, J., Wang, Z. L., et al., 2014. Mesozoic Gold Metallogenic System of the Jiaodong Gold Province, Eastern China. Acta Petrologica Sinica 30(9): 2447–2467 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L. Q., Guo, L. N., Wang, Z. L., et al., 2017. Timing and Mechanism of Gold Mineralization at the Wang’ershan Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. Ore Geology Reviews, 88: 491–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.06.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, X. F., Yang, D. P., Li, D. P., et al., 2019. Mineralization Characteristics and Geological Significance in 3 000 m Depth of Jiaojia Gold Metallogenic Belt, Jiaodong Peninsula. Acta Petrologica Sinica 35(9): 2893–2910 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhai, Y. S., Wang, J. P., Deng, J., et al., 2002. Metallogenic System and Mineralization Network. Mineral Deposits 21(2): 106–112 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, B. L., Yang, L. Q., Huang, S. Y., et al., 2014. Hydrothermal Alteration in the Jiaojia Gold Deposit, Jiaodong, China. Acta Petrologica Sinica 30(9): 2533–2545 (in Chinese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, R. X., Fan, H. R., Li, J. W., et al., 2015. Decratonic Gold Deposits. Science China: Earth Sciences 58(9): 1523–1537 (in Chinese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to the local geologists of the Jiaojia Gold Deposit for their sampling helps. We also give sincere thanks to Rong-Xin Zhao from Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd for his kindly helps of detailed introduction of mine geology materials and attentive arrangement during sampling. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive and valuable comments which greatly contributed to the improvement of the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFC0600105) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41672094). The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1276-z.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Huanlong Hu, Shuangliang Liu, Hong-Rui Fan, Kuifeng Yang, Yabin Zuo & Yachun Cai

  2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Huanlong Hu, Shuangliang Liu, Hong-Rui Fan, Kuifeng Yang & Yabin Zuo

  3. Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Hong-Rui Fan & Kuifeng Yang

Authors
  1. Huanlong Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shuangliang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hong-Rui Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kuifeng Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yabin Zuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yachun Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong-Rui Fan.

Electronic Supplementary Materials

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hu, H., Liu, S., Fan, HR. et al. Structural Networks Constraints on Alteration and Mineralization Processes in the Jiaojia Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China. J. Earth Sci. 31, 500–513 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1276-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1276-z

Key Words

Search

Navigation