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Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of Tungsten Mineralization in the Agargaon Area of Sakoli Fold Belt, Central India

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Abstract

The Lower to Middle Proterozoic Sakoli fold belt in Central India forms a triangular belt with significant mineralization of strategic minerals. The Sakoli fold belt comprises metasediments, felsic and mafic volcanics with metabasalts bounded by the gneissic-migmatitic terrain. The last pulses of granitic activity in the form of quartz lenses intrude the metasediments and are associated with tungsten mineralization. The metasediments are intruded by the quartz veins and tourmaline breccias trending 60°N to 65°E and 60°S to 65°W and are parallel to the regional structural foliations. The tungsten mineralization in this area is restricted to tourmaline-quartz mica greisens and quartz veins. The NE-SW trending foliated contact zones of chlorite mica schist and porphyritic granite/gneisses have served as easy channels for the mineralizing vapours and solutions to percolate, which formed ore bearing greisens and quartz veins. This mineralization is erratic and manifested by sparse and sporadic disseminations of wolframite and scheelite associated with minor amount of molybdenite and chalcopyrite. The fluid inclusion microthermometry on mineralized quartz veins and quartz-tourmaline veins reveals the existence of a metamorphogenic aqueous- gaseous (H2O-CO2+NaCl) fluid that underwent phase separation and gave rise to gaseous (CO2) inclusion. The salinity of tungsten mineralizations varies from low to high (1.32 wt.% to 40.44 wt.% NaCl eq.). The estimated P-T range of tungsten mineralization varies from 1.2 to 2.2 kbar at 280 to 390 °C. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the fluid inclusions mainly contain H2O and CO2 with rarely H2S and CH4. Stable isotopic data reveal that the sulfur isotope fractions from the deposits δ34S ranging from +3.1‰ to +3.35‰, suggesting the deep crustal source for the sulfur, which can be further interpreted as a single (magmatic) supply of sulfur during magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization. The studies reveal the presence of chlorides such as FeCl2/MgCl2 and CaCl2, indicating the involvement of chloride complexes in transportation of tungsten to the fluid system and the evolution of the ore-forming fluids by mixing or immiscibility of high-temperature, high-salinity magmatic fluids and low-temperature, low-salinity fluids in hydrothermal system, and also representing magmatic-hydrothermal interactions contributed wolframite and scheelite with minor amount of molybdenite and chalcopyrite.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to express their gratitude and sincere thanks to Shri Raju from Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, Shri S. Dayanand, and Dr. Bijay Kumar Sahu from Remote Sensing and Aerial Survey, Geological Survey of India, Bangalore, for constant guidance. In addition, sincere thanks to officials of the National Centre for Excellence in Geoscience Researchand the Remote Sensing and Aerial Survey for their continuous support, motivation and encouragement to carry out this work. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-1271-4.

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  1. National Centre for Excellence in Geoscience Research, Remote Sensing and Aerial Survey, Geological Survey of India, Bangalore, 560078, India

    Girish Kumar Mayachar & Subhasish Ghosh

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  1. Girish Kumar Mayachar
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  2. Subhasish Ghosh
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Correspondence to Girish Kumar Mayachar.

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Mayachar, G.K., Ghosh, S. Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of Tungsten Mineralization in the Agargaon Area of Sakoli Fold Belt, Central India. J. Earth Sci. 31, 559–570 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-019-1271-4

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