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Numerical Study of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality in Qinhuangdao Coastal Waters, China: Implication for Pollutant Loadings Management

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Abstract

Protecting coastal area marine environments from pollution is critical to ensure sustainable development. However, the hydrodynamic and water environmental characteristics of many coastal waters are poorly understood. Furthermore, the levels of pollutants loading into coastal waters are rarely quantified. In this study, a hydrodynamic and pollutant transport model (based on MIKE 21 modules) was established in Qinhuangdao coastal waters, China. The simulated hydrodynamics and water quality parameters were highly congruent with measured values, exhibiting error levels below 20%. In Qinhuangdao coastal waters, the seawater flows primarily from southwest to northeast along the coast, with velocities in the range 0–0.4 m/s and 0–0.3 m/s during flood and ebb tides, respectively. Results from this study indicated that these waters were characterized by a weak tidal current, with mean velocities varying in the range 0–0.5 m/s. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of the coastal waters was in the range 0.1–3.7 mg/L, and the COD pollutants were diffused approximately 3–10 km off the coastline. The water environment carrying capacity (WECC) at each point source was also calculated based on the response coefficients; further, WECC in Qinhuangdao coastal waters was calculated at 544.01 t/a and 1088.02 t/a under two Chinese water quality levels (levels I and II), respectively. The results provided specific valuable information for controlling pollutants from rivers into coastal waters and managing the Qinhuangdao coastal waters environment.

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Funding

This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51879278), IWHR Research & Development Support Program (Grant No. WE0145B782017, WE0145B342016, WE0145B592017, WE0145B422019), and Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering (Grant No. Skhl1825).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China

    Wei Huang, Xiaobo Liu & Wenqi Peng

  2. Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China

    Wei Huang, Wei Ma, Xiaobo Liu & Wenqi Peng

  3. State key laboratory of hydraulics and mountain river engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China

    Wei Huang & Jianmin Zhang

Authors
  1. Wei Huang
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  2. Wei Ma
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  3. Xiaobo Liu
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  5. Jianmin Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiaobo Liu.

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Huang, W., Ma, W., Liu, X. et al. Numerical Study of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality in Qinhuangdao Coastal Waters, China: Implication for Pollutant Loadings Management. Environ Model Assess 26, 63–76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-020-09715-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-020-09715-9

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