Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modeling the density gradient of 3D nanofiber scaffolds fabricated by divergence electrospinning

  • Published:
Advances in Manufacturing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Following recent insights on structure-cell-function interactions and the critical role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the latest biofabrication approaches have increasingly focused on designing materials with biomimetic microarchitecture. Divergence electrospinning is a novel fabrication method for three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds. It is introduced to produce 3D nanofiber mats that have numerous applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. One of the most important characteristics of 3D nanofiber mats is the density gradient. This study provides a statistical analysis and response surface modeling framework based on experimental data to evaluate the manner by which the geometric designs of double-bevel collectors influence the fiber density gradient. Specifically, variance of analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify parameters that had significant effects, and a response surface model embedded with seven location indicators was developed to predict the spatial distribution of fiber density for different collector designs. It was concluded that the collector height, bevel angle, and their interactions were significant factors influencing the density gradient. This study revealed the sensitivity of system configuration and provided an optimization tool for process controllability of microstructure gradients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jin G, He R, Sha B et al (2018) Electrospun three-dimensional aligned nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C 92:995–1005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Cui W, Zhou Y, Chang J (2010) Electrospun nanofibrous materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Sci Technol Adv Mater 11(1):014108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kowalewski TA, Barral S, Kowalczyk T (2009) Modeling electrospinning of nanofibers. In: Proceedings of the IUTAM symposium on modelling nanomaterials and nanosystems, Aalborg, Denmark, 19–22 May 2008, pp 279–292

  4. Šimko M, Lukáš D (2016) Mathematical modeling of a whipping instability of an electrically charged liquid jet. Appl Math Model 40(21/22):9565–9583

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Taylor GI (1969) Electrically driven jets. Proc R Soc Lond A 313(1515):453–475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Li WJ, Laurencin CT, Caterson EJ et al (2002) Electrospun nanofibrous structure: a novel scaffold for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res 60(4):613–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Rezvani Z, Venugopal JR, Urbanska AM et al (2016) A bird’s eye view on the use of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: current state-of-the-art, emerging directions and future trends. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 12(7):2181–2200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rim NG, Shin CS, Shin H (2013) Current approaches to electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 8(1):014102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Park JS (2011) Electrospinning and its applications. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 1(4):043002. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/1/4/043002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jiang T, Carbone EJ, Lo KWH et al (2015) Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers for tissue regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 46:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhou Y, Hu Z, Du D et al (2018) The effects of collector geometry on the internal structure of the 3D nanofiber scaffold fabricated by divergent electrospinning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 100:3045–3054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhou Y, Tan GZ (2018) Generation of 3D nanofiber structure by divergence electrospinning for tissue engineering scaffold. In: The 13th international manufacturing science and engineering conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, College Station, Texas, USA

  13. Tan GZ, Zhou Y (2018) Tunable 3D nanofiber architecture of polycaprolactone by divergence electrospinning for potential tissue engineering applications. Nano Micro Lett 10(4):73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0226-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Montgomery DC (2017) Design and analysis of experiments. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wu CJ, Hamada MS (2011) Experiments: planning, analysis, and optimization. Wiley, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Jeff CFH (2009) Experiments: planning, analysis, and optimization. Wiley, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Becker W, Tarantola S, Deman G (2018) Sensitivity analysis approaches to high-dimensional screening problems at low sample size. J Stat Comput Simul 88(11):2089–2110

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Becker W, Rowson J, Oakley J et al (2011) Bayesian sensitivity analysis of a model of the aortic valve. J Biomech 44(8):1499–1506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Subia B, Kundu J, Kundu S (2010) Biomaterial scaffold fabrication techniques for potential tissue engineering applications. Tissue Engineering, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. Lund AW, Yener B, Stegemann JP et al (2009) The natural and engineered 3D microenvironment as a regulatory cue during stem cell fate determination. Tissue Eng B Rev 15(3):371–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Michel G, Tonon T, Scornet D et al (2010) The cell wall polysaccharide metabolism of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. Insights into the evolution of extracellular matrix polysaccharides in Eukaryotes. New Phytol 188(1):82–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Alberts B, Bray D, Hopkin K et al (2013) Essential cell biology. Garland Science, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Ahn H, Kim KJ, Park SY et al (2014) 3D braid scaffolds for regeneration of articular cartilage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 34:37–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tamayol A, Akbari M, Annabi N et al (2013) Fiber-based tissue engineering: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 31(5):669–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Younesi M, Islam A, Kishore V et al (2014) Tenogenic induction of human MSCs by anisotropically aligned collagen biotextiles. Adv Func Mater 24(36):5762–5770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pedde RD, Mirani B, Navaei A et al (2017) Emerging biofabrication strategies for engineering complex tissue constructs. Adv Mater 29(19):1606061. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cui L, Zhang N, Cui W et al (2015) A novel nano/micro-fibrous scaffold by melt-spinning method for bone tissue engineering. J Bionic Eng 12(1):117–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Puppi D, Mota C, Gazzarri M et al (2012) Additive manufacturing of wet-spun polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Microdevice 14(6):1115–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Jun Y, Kang E, Chae S et al (2014) Microfluidic spinning of micro-and nano-scale fibers for tissue engineering. Lab Chip 14(13):2145–2160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Khalili S, Nouri Khorasani S, Razavi M et al (2018) Nanofibrous scaffolds with biomimetic structure. J Biomed Mater Res A 106(2):370–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Choi JS, Lee SJ, Christ GJ et al (2008) The influence of electrospun aligned poly (epsilon-caprolactone)/collagen nanofiber meshes on the formation of self-aligned skeletal muscle myotubes. Biomaterials 29(19):2899–2906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Yeo M, Kim GH (2018) Anisotropically aligned cell-laden nanofibrous bundle fabricated via cell electrospinning to regenerate skeletal muscle tissue. Small 14(48):1803491. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Morshed M et al (2008) Electrospun poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. Biomaterials 29(34):4532–4539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gnavi S, Fornasari B, Tonda-Turo C et al (2018) In vitro evaluation of gelatin and chitosan electrospun fibres as an artificial guide in peripheral nerve repair: a comparative study. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12(2):679–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kitsara M, Agbulut O, Kontziampasis D et al (2017) Fibers for hearts: a critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 48:20–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Sahoo S, Ouyang H, Goh JCH et al (2006) Characterization of a novel polymeric scaffold for potential application in tendon/ligament tissue engineering. Tissue Eng 12(1):91–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Vaquette C, Sudheesh Kumar P, Petcu EB et al (2018) Combining electrospinning and cell sheet technology for the development of a multiscale tissue engineered ligament construct (TELC). J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 106(1):399–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Shalumon K, Sheu C, Chen CH et al (2018) Multi-functional electrospun antibacterial core-shell nanofibrous membranes for prolonged prevention of post-surgical tendon adhesion and inflammation. Acta Biomater 72:121–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Li WJ, Tuli R, Okafor C et al (2005) A three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 26(6):599–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Girão AF, Semitela Â, Ramalho G et al (2018) Mimicking nature: fabrication of 3D anisotropic electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Compos B Eng 154:99–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Therapeutic Category, and Segment Forecasts, 2018–2025 (2017) Regenerative medicine market analysis by product (therapeutics {primary cell-based, stem cell-based, immunotherapies, and gene therapies}, tools, banks, and services). Grand View Research

  42. Tseng Q, Duchemin-Pelletier E, Deshiere A et al (2012) Spatial organization of the extracellular matrix regulates cell–cell junction positioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109(5):1506–1511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Geckil H, Xu F, Zhang X et al (2010) Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics. Nanomedicine 5(3):469–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. He J, Qin T, Liu Y et al (2014) Electrospinning of nanofibrous scaffolds with continuous structure and material gradients. Mater Lett 137:393–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Samavedi S, Horton CO, Guelcher SA et al (2011) Fabrication of a model continuously graded co-electrospun mesh for regeneration of the ligament–bone interface. Acta Biomater 7(12):4131–4138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Singh M, Dormer N, Salash JR et al (2010) Three-dimensional macroscopic scaffolds with a gradient in stiffness for functional regeneration of interfacial tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 94(3):870–876

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA

    Muhammad Adib Uz Zaman, Dilshan Sooriyaarachchi, Ying-Ge Zhou, George Z. Tan & Dong-Ping Du

Authors
  1. Muhammad Adib Uz Zaman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dilshan Sooriyaarachchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ying-Ge Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. George Z. Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dong-Ping Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dong-Ping Du.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zaman, M.A.U., Sooriyaarachchi, D., Zhou, YG. et al. Modeling the density gradient of 3D nanofiber scaffolds fabricated by divergence electrospinning. Adv. Manuf. 9, 414–429 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-020-00307-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-020-00307-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation