Research articlesEffect of chemical and external hydrostatic pressure on magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Pt doped Ni2MnGa shape memory Heusler alloys
Introduction
Shape memory Heusler alloys (SMHAs) are of current interest due to their potential applications in magnetic refrigeration [1], magnetic actuation [2], and spintronics devices [3], etc. These alloys exhibit both structural and magnetic transitions [4], [5], [6]. During the structural phase transition, the high temperature austenite phase, which has cubic crystal structure, transforms to the low temperature martensite phase which has lower symmetry structure [7]. A good control of magnetic phase transition and magnetic property of Ni-Mn-X (X = In, Ga, Sn) SMHA’s show multifunctional properties [8], [9], [10]. Among SMHAs, the novel properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys received huge attention due to its large magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) owing to their potential applications in sensors and actuators [9], [11]. The MFIS of 10% has been observed in Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) which is believed to be related with its modulated orthorhombic structure of the martensite phase [12], [13]. The martensite phase transformation exhibits in these alloys not only to provide large MFIS but responsible for other multifunctional properties such as the shape memory effect (SME) [2], magneto-resistance (MR) [14], [15], magneto caloric effect (MCE) [16], [17] and exchange bias phenomenon [18], [19]etc. From the above mentioned properties, MCE shows the potential application in solid-state cooling technology [4], [5]. Recently Pt doped Ni2MnGa have created a lot of attention due to their higher transition temperatures, and both theoretical and experimental studies indicate that these alloys may exhibit better magnetic and mechanical properties [6], [18], [20], [21], [22]. In general, in Ni-Mn-X (X = In, Ga, Sn) SMHAs, the structure, and their magnetic properties are very sensitive to their chemical composition [23]. Apart from the chemical composition, external parameters such as the magnetic field and pressure are expected to strongly influence their structure and magnetic properties [24], [25] The hydrostatic pressures are known to play a significant role in the structure and magnetic properties of these systems [24], [26], [27], [28]. The relative stability of the high temperature cubic austenite phase and the low temperature martensite phase could be influenced by pressure [15], [29]. For the composition of Ni-Mn-Ga FSMAs, the exchange interaction of Mn-Mn is strongly dependent on the Mn-Mn distance which can be easily altered by either hydrostatic pressure or chemical substitutions [9], [10].
In the present manuscript, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Pt substituted Ni2−xPtxMnGa (x = 0.2, 0.3, and 1.0) at the Ni site is reported. By increasing of Pt (x) concentration in Ni2−xPtxMnGa (x = 0.2, 0.3 and 1.0) the martensite transition (TM) increases, whereas magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) decreases. Hence, the high magnetic entropy value of about 9.31 J Kg−1 K−1 for x = 0.2 at 288 K is observed at 9 T of the magnetic field. Therefore, it is interesting to note that an effect of chemical and hydrostatic pressure on magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Ni1.8Pt0.2MnGa quaternary Heusler alloy is explored in this article to have a better understanding and application on these materials.
Section snippets
Experimental techniques
The typical compositions of Ni2−xPtxMnGa (x = 0.2, 0.3 and 1.0) polycrystalline ingots were prepared by the standard arc melting technique [30]. The sample preparation, composition, and crystal structure were reported in earlier papers [6], [21].The magnetization measurements were performed using the physical property measurement system -vibrating sample magnetometer (PPMS-VSM). For thermomagnetic measurements [M (T)], the specimen was cooled from 360 K to 60 K in the absence of a magnetic
Results and discussion
The M (T) plots of Pt substituted at Ni site in Ni2−xPtxMnGa (x = 0.2, 0.3 & 1.0) are shown in Fig. 1(a–c). All these alloys transform from austenite phase to the martensite phase at martensite transition temperature (TM) while cooling from room temperature to low temperature. The TM is calculated using the formula (MS + Af)/2.The characteristic temperatures such as martensite start (MS), martensite finish (Mf), and austenite start (AS), austenite finish (Af), were obtained from M (T) data at
Conclusion
The effect of chemical and hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Ni2−xPtxMnGa (x = 0.2, 0.3 and 1.0) is studied. The TM increases with Pt substitution while ΔSM decreases with increasing chemical pressure. The width of transformation hysteresis increases with increasing Pt concentration. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on both TM and ΔSM for Ni1.8Pt0.2MnGa is also investigated. The external pressure increases the TM for x = 0.2 alloy. Also, the application of
CRediT authorship contribution statement
P. Sivaprakash: Investigation, Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing - original draft. S. Esakki Muthu: Investigation, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. Anupam K. Singh: Data curation. K. K. Dubey: Writing - review & editing. M. Kannan: Data curation. S. Muthukumaran: Data curation. Shampa Guha: Data curation. Manoranjan Kar: Data curation. Sanjay Singh: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - review & editing. S. Arumugam: Supervision, Resources, Writing -
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
The author S.A. acknowledges the funding agencies of DST (SERB, FIST, MES, ASEAN and PURSE), RUSA, BRNS and UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research (Indore, Kolkata) for the financial support. SS thanks Science and Engineering Research Board of India for financial support through the award of Ramanujan Fellowship (grant no: SB/S2IRJN-015/2017) and Early Career Research Award (grant no: ECR/2017/003186) and UGC-DAE CSR, Indore for financial support through “CRS” Scheme. Author P.S. would like
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