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Drought generates large, long-term changes in tree and liana regeneration in a monodominant Amazon forest

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Abstract

The long-term dynamics of regeneration in tropical forests dominated by single tree species remains largely undocumented, yet is key to understanding the mechanisms by which one species can gain dominance and resist environmental change. We report here on the long-term regeneration dynamics in a monodominant stand of Brosimum rubescens Taub. (Moraceae) at the southern border of the Amazon forest. Here the climate has warmed and dried since the mid-1990′s. Twenty-one years of tree and liana regeneration were evaluated in four censuses in 30 plots by assessing species abundance, dominance, and diversity in all regeneration classes up to 5 cm diameter. The density of B. rubescens seedlings declined markedly, from 85% in 1997 to 29% in 2018 after the most intense El Niño-driven drought. While the fraction contributed by other tree species changed little, the relative density of liana seedlings increased from just 1 to 54% and three-quarters of liana species underwent a ten-fold or greater increase in abundance. The regeneration community experienced a high rate of species turnover, with changes in the overall richness and species diversity determined principally by lianas, not trees. Long-term maintenance of monodominance in this tropical forest is threatened by a sharp decline in the regeneration of the monodominant species and the increase in liana density, suggesting that monodominance will prove to be a transitory condition. The close association of these rapid changes with drying indicates that monodominant B. rubescens forests are impacted by drought-driven changes in regeneration, and therefore are particularly sensitive to climatic change.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. We also thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Projetos Ecológicos de Longa Duração—CNPq/PELD (Nr. 401279/2014-6 and 441244/2016-5), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso, Project RedeFlor 0589267/2016, for financial support. B.S. Marimon and B.H. Marimon-Junior acknowledge CNPq for their productivity grants (305029/2015-0 and 301153/2018-3), and P.S. Morandi acknowledges CAPES for his post-doc grant (88887.185186/2018-00). O.L. Phillips was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System) and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award.

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  1. Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Caixa Postal 08, Nova Xavantina, MT, CEP 78.690-000, Brazil

    Beatriz S. Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Edmar A. de Oliveira, Paulo S. Morandi & Oriales R. Pereira

  2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Caixa Postal 08, Nova Xavantina, MT, CEP 78.690-000, Brazil

    Beatriz S. Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Nayane C. C. dos S. Prestes & Lucas H. Mariano

  3. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil

    Claudinei Oliveira-Santos

  4. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)/Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil

    Fernando Elias

  5. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK

    Ted R. Feldpausch

  6. School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    Oliver L. Phillips

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  1. Beatriz S. Marimon
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Marimon, B.S., Oliveira-Santos, C., Marimon-Junior, B.H. et al. Drought generates large, long-term changes in tree and liana regeneration in a monodominant Amazon forest. Plant Ecol 221, 733–747 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01047-8

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