Abstract
In this study, the applicability of enzymatic-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) using yellow soybean for soil stabilization was investigated through laboratory tests. A comparison of carbonate precipitation efficiency between EICP using yellow soybean and microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) using ureolytic bacteria as a catalyst for urea hydrolysis was made through a series of tube precipitation tests. It was found that EICP can be an excellent alternative to MICP in terms of carbonate precipitation efficiency. In addition, the reinforcing effect of EICP using yellow soybean on soil specimens was investigated by measuring the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the amount of calcium carbonate precipitated with varying molarities of solutions and curing times. The results of the unconfined compression tests showed that the curing time (7, 14, 21, 28 days) had no significant effect on the strength enhancement when the molarity of urea–CaCl2 solution was less than 1.5 M. However, for 3 M of urea–CaCl2 solution, the UCS increased with curing time (7, 14, 21, 28 days), although the amount of calcium carbonate precipitated was not affected by curing time. In addition, it was confirmed that the strength increment ratio of specimens cured for 28 days under various mixing conditions linearly increased with calcium carbonate contents ranging from 0% to 5.13%. It is concluded that EICP using yellow soybean has a great practical potential as a soil stabilization method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
09 March 2023
An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1659-7
References
Al Qabany A, Soga K, Santamarina C (2012) Factors affecting efficiency of microbially induced calcite precipitation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 138(8):992–1001, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943–5606.0000666
Almajed A, Khodadadi Tirkolaei H, Kavazanjian E (2018) Baseline investigation on enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 144(11): 04018081, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001973
ASTM D2166 (2005) Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soils. ASTM D2166, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM D2487 (2000) Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system). ASTM D2487, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
Chu J, Ivanov V, Naeimi M, Stabnikov V, Liu HL (2014) Optimization of calcium-based bioclogging and biocementation of sand. Acta Geotechnica 9(2):277–285, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0278-8
Dejong JT, Fritzges MB, Nüsslein K (2006) Microbially induced cementation to control sand response to undrained shear. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 132(11):1381–1392, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1381)
Dejong JT, Mortensen BM, Martinez BC, Nelson DC (2010) Bio-mediated soil improvement. Ecological Engineering 36(2):197–210, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.12.029
Dejong JT, Soga K, Kavazenjian E, Bruns S, Van Paassen LA, Al Qabany A, Aydilke A, Bang SS, Burbank M, Caselake LF, Chen CY, Cheng X, Chu J, Ciurli S, Esnault-Filet A, Fauriel S, Hamdan N, Hata T, Inagakt Y, Jefferis S, Kuo M, Laloui L, Larrahondo J, Manning DAC, Martinez B, Montoya BM, Nelson DC, Palomino A, Renforth P, Santamarina JC, Seagren EA, Tanyu B, Tsesarsky M, Weaver T (2013) Biogeochemical processes and geotechnical applications: Progress, opportunities and challenges. Geotechnique 63(4):287–301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.SIP13.P.017
Dilrukshi RAN, Nakashima K, Kawasaki S (2018) Soil improvement using plant-derived urease-induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Soils and Foundations 58(4):894–910, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.04.003
Dilrukshi RAN, Watanabe J, Kawasaki S (2016) Strengthening of sand cemented with calcium phosphate compounds using plant-derived urease. International Journal of Geomate 11(25):2461–2467, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/2016.25.5149
Kavazanjian E, Hamdan N (2015) Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) columns for ground improvement. In: IFCEE 2015. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA, 2252–2261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479087.209
Khodadadi HT, Kavazanjian E, van Paassen L, Dejong J (2017) Bio-grout materials: A review. Grouting 2017, July 9–12, Honolulu, HI, USA, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480793.001
Kim DH, Park KH, Kim DW (2013) Effects of ground conditions on microbial cementation in soils. Materials 7(1):143–156, DOI: 10.3390/ma7010143
Lin H, Suleiman MT, Brown DG, Kavazanjian E (2015) Mechanical behavior of sands treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 142(2): 04015066, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001383
Mitchell JK, Santamarina JC (2005) Biological considerations in geotechnical engineering. Journal of Geotechnical andGeoenvironmental Engineering 131(10):1222–1233, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:10(1222)
Namati M, Voordouw G (2003) Modification of porous media permeability, using calcium carbonate produced enzymatically in situ. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 33(5):635–642, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00191-1
Neupane D, Yasuhara H, Kinoshita N, Ando Y (2015a) Distribution of mineralized carbonate and its quantification method in enzyme mediated calcite precipitation technique. Soils and Foundations 55(2):447–457, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.02.018
Neupane D, Yasuhara H, Kinoshita N, Putra H (2015b) Distribution of grout material within 1-m sand column in insitu calcite precipitation technique. Soils and Foundations 55(6):1512–1518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.10.015
Neupane D, Yasuhara H, Kinoshita N, Unno T (2013) Applicability of enzymatic calcium carbonate precipitation as a soil-strengthening technique. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139(12): 2201–2211, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000959
Oliveira PJV, Freitas LD, Carmona JP (2016) Effect of soil type on the enzymatic calcium carbonate precipitation process used for soil improvement. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29(4): 04016263, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001804
Park SS, Choi SG, Nam IH (2014) Effect of plant-induced calcite precipitation on the strength of sand. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 26(8):06014017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001029
Park KH, Kim DH (2016) Analysis of homogel uniaxial compression strength on bio grouting material. Materials 9(4):244, DOI: 10.3390/ma9040244
Song JY, Sim YJ, Jin KN, Yun TS (2017) Evaluation of soil improvement by carbonate precipitation with urease. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 33(9):61–69, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2017.33.9.61
Stocks-Fisher S, Galinat JK, Bang SS (1999) Microbiological precipitation of CaCO3. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31(11):1563–1571, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00082-6
Van Paassen LA, Ghose R, Van der Linden TJ, Van der Star WR, Van Loosdrecht MC (2010) Quantifying biomediated ground improvement by ureolysis: Large-scale biogrout experiment. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 136(12):1721–1728, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000382
Whiffin VS, Paasen LA, Harkes MP (2007) Microbial carbonate precipitation as a soil improvement technique. geomicrobiology journal 24(5):417–423, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450701436505
Yasuhara H, Neupane D, Hayashi K, Okamura M (2012) Experiments and predictions of physical properties of sand cemented by enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation. Soils and Foundations 52(3):539–549, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.05.011
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, S., Kim, J. An Experimental Study on Enzymatic-Induced Carbonate Precipitation Using Yellow Soybeans for Soil Stabilization. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 2026–2037 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1659-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1659-9