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The Combined Environmental Stress on the Leaves of Olea europaea L. and the Relief Mechanism Through Biosynthesis of Certain Secondary Metabolites

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Abstract

Biosynthesis of certain secondary metabolites, as a relief response to the severe environmental stress of the mediterranean summer, is a major reaction of the plants thriving in areas with mediterranean-type climate. Some of these compounds are of great importance to both humans and the environment. Tracing of certain secondary metabolites, after the exposure of Olea europaea L. individuals to stressing environmental conditions, is the aim of this investigation. Our two-day cycle, detailed data indicate that soon after the summer mid-day severe environmental stress, a threefold increase (+ 256%) in reactive oxygen species accumulation is recorded in the leaves while the absorbance of the photosynthetic pigments is drastically reduced (up to − 60%). Then, the secondary metabolic pathway of the shikimic acid is activated and the expression level of l-Dopa decarboxylase—an enzyme common to plants and animals, bisconnected to this pathway—is rapidly increased in order to metabolize the highly toxic l-Dopa or the amino acid l-tyrosine, to dopamine or tyramine, respectively. These reactions promote, at a certain period of the 24-h cycle, the biosynthesis of oleuropein (41% increase), an antioxidant phenolic compound possessing a wide range of important pharmacological properties. By the evening twilight, when the environmental conditions turn to mild, the cell functions reset to normal.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Maria Triantaphyllou, for providing the facility of the JEOL JSM-6360 Scanning Electron Microscope and Konstantina Mitsigiorgi, for technical assistance. This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning» in the context of the project “Reinforcement of Postdoctoral Researchers—2nd Cycle” (MIS-5033021), implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (ΙΚΥ) (Dr A.L.Stefi). Dr. A. Argyropoulou acknowledges financial support from IKY scholarships program, co-financed by the Greek National Funds and the European Union (European Social Fund—ESF) through the action “Reinforcement of Postdoctoral Researchers—1st cycle,” in the framework of Operational Program “Human Resources Development Program, Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework 2014–2020. The present research was co-funded by the European Union (ERDF) and Greek National funds, through the Operational Program "Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation" 2014–2020 (EPAnEK), under the call “RESEARCH–CREATE–INNOVATE” (project code: 03816).

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  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701, Ilisia, Athens, Hellas

    Aikaterina L. Stefi & Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Hellas

    Efthymia Routsi, Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Aikaterini Argyropoulou & Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701, Ilisia, Athens, Hellas

    Dido Vassilacopoulou

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Stefi, A.L., Vassilacopoulou, D., Routsi, E. et al. The Combined Environmental Stress on the Leaves of Olea europaea L. and the Relief Mechanism Through Biosynthesis of Certain Secondary Metabolites. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 1044–1059 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10162-9

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