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Phenology and spatial distribution of spotted-wing drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae) in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2020

William Champagne-Cauchon ,
Jean-Frédéric Guay ,
Valérie Fournier  and
Conrad Cloutier Open the ORCID record for Conrad Cloutier [Opens in a new window]
William Champagne-Cauchon
Affiliation:
Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
Jean-Frédéric Guay
Affiliation:
Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
Valérie Fournier
Affiliation:
Département de Phytologie, Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux. Université Laval, 2480, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
Conrad Cloutier*
Affiliation:
Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. Email: conrad.cloutier@bio.ulaval.ca
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Abstract

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the spotted-wing drosophila, is an invasive pest of fruit crops, which appeared in eastern Canada in 2010. It represents a major threat to lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton; Ericaceae) in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region, Québec, Canada, at the northern limits of its distribution. The dynamics, overwintering capacity, population fluctuations, and damage to lowbush blueberry of D. suzukii are unknown in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. We aimed to 1) document D. suzukii abundance and phenology in lowbush blueberry in separate localities; 2) evaluate the potential of D. suzukii to overwinter and examine population dynamics over three seasons; and 3) study the spatial distribution of D. suzukii in lowbush blueberry fields with respect to forested borders. Drosophila suzukii is abundant in lowbush blueberry fields of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. In spring, D. suzukii were absent until late June, when few summer-morph females appeared. Drosophila suzukii densities started to increase regularly in August, with increasing male proportions, to culminate in fall at high levels with balanced sex ratios. Overwintering remains uncertain, D. suzukii being undetectable in spring despite intensive trapping. Appearance of diapausing winter morphs at high densities indicates that D. suzukii responds appropriately to local conditions preceding cold winter. Models of variation of D. suzukii densities and lowbush blueberry fruit infestation with distance from borders indicate that forest borders are favoured habitats over lowbush blueberry fields and the source of D. suzukii moving to some extent into lowbush blueberry fields.

Résumé

Résumé

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) est une espèce envahissante s’attaquant aux petits fruits apparue au Québec, Canada, vers 2010. Elle menace le bleuet nain (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton; Ericaceae) au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, situé à la limite Nord de sa distribution. Sa dynamique, sa capacité d’hiverner, les fluctuations d’abondance et les dommages causés au bleuet sont inconnus au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Les objectifs étaient : 1 : documenter son abondance et sa phénologie en bleuetières dans plusieurs localités du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean; 2 : évaluer sa capacité d’hiverner et son cycle saisonnier; et 3 : examiner sa distribution spatiale en bleuetières par rapport aux bordures boisées. Sa présence dans les bleuetières du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean est récurrente. Au printemps, les adultes de D. suzukii sont absents jusqu’à la mi-juin, alors qu’apparaissent des femelles du morphe d’été. La densité des adultes et la proportion de mâles augmentent en août pour finalement culminer en automne avec un rapport des sexes équilibré. L’hivernement au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean reste incertain en l’absence de captures au printemps, même à forte intensité de piégeage. L’apparition de morphes d’hiver en diapause indique que D. suzukii répond aux conditions annonçant l’hiver. Des modèles prévisionnels des densités d’adultes et de fruits infestés en fonction de la distance à la bordure sont présentés. Les bordures boisées sont des habitats préférés par rapport aux bleuetières et la source des D. suzukii qui exploitent le bleuet à proximité des bordures.

Type
Research Papers
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 152 , Issue 4: The spotted-wing drosophila , August 2020 , pp. 432 - 449
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Entomological Society of Canada

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Roselyne Labbé

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