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Reconstructing Mousterian landscapes in the southeastern Pyrenees (Roca dels Bous site, Pre-Pyrenees ranges, Spain)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2020

Alfonso Benito-Calvo Open the ORCID record for Alfonso Benito-Calvo [Opens in a new window] ,
Lee J. Arnold ,
Rafael Mora ,
Jorge Martínez-Moreno  and
Martina Demuro
Alfonso Benito-Calvo*
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, 3, Burgos, Spain
Lee J. Arnold
Affiliation:
School of Physical Sciences, Environment Institute, and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia
Rafael Mora
Affiliation:
Centre d'Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistoria (CEPAP-UAB), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Jorge Martínez-Moreno
Affiliation:
Centre d'Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistoria (CEPAP-UAB), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Martina Demuro
Affiliation:
School of Physical Sciences, Environment Institute, and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia
*
*Corresponding author e-mail address: alfonso.benito@cenieh.es.
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Abstract

Landscape evolution studies enable us to understand site formation processes affecting past hunter-gatherer settlements. This work presents a landscape reconstruction of Roca dels Bous site (RB), which is a reference site for the Late Mousterian occupation of the incised valleys of the southeastern Pyrenees. For this purpose, we combined geomorphological studies, stratigraphic descriptions, new single-grain optically stimulated luminescence datasets, statistical methods, and geophysical surveys. RB formed by gravitational processes induced by fluvial undermining of the Segre River during changing late Pleistocene climatic conditions. Geomorphological and chronological data combined with fluvial age-incision models suggest that, during Late Mousterian occupation, RB was located very near the Segre floodplain level and closer to water and raw material natural resources than at present. The accumulation of gravitational deposits associated with the archaeological levels occurred at rates of 0.16–0.44 m ka-1, between 55 and 47 ka, coinciding with Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3). More detailed comparison with available climatic curves suggests that the dated RB layers were potentially deposited during cold phases within MIS3. This work provides new landscape-based evidence to examine the paleoenvironmental context of Neanderthal presence in the southeastern Pre-Pyrenees, an important region in the debate regarding Neanderthal demise in Western Europe around 40 ka.

Keywords

Landscape evolutionRoca dels Bous siteMousterianfluvial evolutionslope depositssingle-grain optically stimulated luminescenceMIS3
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 97 , September 2020 , pp. 167 - 186
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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