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Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 Modifies Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, Exhibits Antifungal Activity, and Stimulates Growth of Tomato Plants Under Saline Conditions

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Abstract

Salinity is one of the most important factors that limit the productivity of agricultural soils. Certain plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have the ability to stimulate the growth of crop plants even under salt stress. In the present study, we analysed the potential of PGPB Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 to improve the growth of tomato plants and its capacity to modify its membrane lipid and fatty acid composition under salt stress. Thus, strain COPE52 increased the relative amount of branched chain fatty acids (15:0i and 16:1∆9) and accumulation of an unknown membrane lipid, while phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels decreased during growth with 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Importantly, direct and indirect plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms of B. toyonensis COPE52, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), protease activity, biofilm formation, and antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, remained unchanged in the presence of NaCl in vitro, compared to controls without salt. In a greenhouse experiment, tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum ‘Saladette’) showed increased shoot and root length, higher dry biomass, and chlorophyll content when inoculated with B. toyonensis COPE52 at 0 and 100 mM NaCl. In summary, these results indicate that Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 can modify cell membrane lipid components as a potential protecting mechanism to maintain PGP traits under saline-soil conditions.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Eduardo Valencia-Cantero for the help with the statistical analyses. This study was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México (Grant number: A1-S-15956) and CIC-UMSNH (2019–2020). DR-S thanks a Ph.D. scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México

    Daniel Rojas-Solis & Gustavo Santoyo

  2. Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México

    Miguel A. Vences-Guzmán & Christian Sohlenkamp

  3. Laboratorio de Diversidad Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio A1´, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58063, Morelia, Michoacán, México

    Gustavo Santoyo

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  1. Daniel Rojas-Solis
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Correspondence to Gustavo Santoyo.

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Rojas-Solis, D., Vences-Guzmán, M.A., Sohlenkamp, C. et al. Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 Modifies Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, Exhibits Antifungal Activity, and Stimulates Growth of Tomato Plants Under Saline Conditions. Curr Microbiol 77, 2735–2744 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02069-1

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