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Improvement in fast Na-ion conduction in Na3+xCrxTi2−x(PO4)3 glass–ceramic electrolyte material for Na-ion batteries

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Abstract

In this report, efforts were made to investigate and characterize a variety of compositions in a glass system of general formula Na3+xCrxTi2−x(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mol%, designated as NCTPx) to optimize their properties for use in Na-ion batteries. Several crystalline phases such as Na3Ti2(PO4)3 (COD-4106515) (NASICON), Cr2O3 (ICSD-25781) and Cr(PO3)3 (ICSD-39410) are precipitated during the process of crystallization. The microstructures of all the glass and glass–ceramic samples are analyzed using SEM and are correlated with powder XRD to explain the ionic conductivity for a given glass–ceramic sample. Single semicircle in the complex impedance plots clearly suggests that the present NCTPx glass samples exhibit a predominantly single-ion conduction mechanism. Electrical conductivity data follow the Arrhenius equation. The power-law exponent ‘s’ is observed to be the lowest (0.70) for the best conducting glass–ceramic sample NTCP0.5 (4.24 × 10−4 S/cm). The electrical modulus study proves that the conductivity relaxation of NCTPx glass–ceramic samples is temperature independent. Scaling behavior in the normalized spectra indicates that frequency-dependent relaxation behavior is unaffected by the temperature.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this work, provided by the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Govt. of India, Grant No: 34/14/06/2018-BRNS/34082, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Dr. K.S Rama Rao, Sr. Principal Scientist, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India, for kindly extending the facility to acquire SEM micrographs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, 502329, India

    Shyam Sundar Gandi, Suman Gandi & Balaji Rao Ravuri

  2. Department of Chemistry, School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, 502329, India

    Naresh Kumar Katari

  3. College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

    Wanichaya Mekprasart & Wisanu Pecharapa

  4. Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India

    Dimple P. Dutta

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  1. Shyam Sundar Gandi
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  2. Suman Gandi
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Correspondence to Balaji Rao Ravuri.

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Gandi, S.S., Gandi, S., Katari, N.K. et al. Improvement in fast Na-ion conduction in Na3+xCrxTi2−x(PO4)3 glass–ceramic electrolyte material for Na-ion batteries. J IRAN CHEM SOC 17, 2637–2649 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-020-01960-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-020-01960-9

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