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Three-phase electrodes: simple and efficient tool for analysis of ion transfer processes across liquid-liquid interface—twenty years on

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Abstract

In this review, we focus on major achievements of the three-phase electrode methodology applied for studying ion transfers across an interface between two immiscible liquids. Exactly 20 years ago, the group of electrochemists led by Fritz Scholz, invented an elegant and simple set up suitable to get access to the thermodynamics of ion transfers across liquid/liquid interface. Within the last two decades, besides determination of thermodynamics of the transfer of many important ionic substances, three-phase electrodes have been applied for many other purposes. Thermodynamics of interfacial chemical reactions, kinetics of ion and electron transfer, interfacial catalysis, recognition of chiral ions, synthesis of nano-particles, and biosensor development are some of the milestones achieved by application of three-phase electrodes. While elaborating briefly major achievements, future perspectives of this simple, but powerful electrochemical tool, have been also envisaged.

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Acknowledgments

VM acknowledges with gratitude the financial support through the NATO SPS G5550 project (Gas sensors for preventing terrorist attacks). RG thanks the Goce Delcev University in Stip Macedonia, for the support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Macedonia

    Rubin Gulaboski

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia

    Valentin Mirceski

  3. Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, Lodz, Poland

    Valentin Mirceski

  4. Divkoviceva 13, Zagreb, Croatia

    Sebojka Komorsky-Lovric & Milivoj Lovric

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  1. Rubin Gulaboski
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  2. Valentin Mirceski
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Correspondence to Rubin Gulaboski.

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We dedicate this work to our great friend, supervisor, and close collaborator, professor Fritz Scholz, on the occasion of his 65th birthday

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Gulaboski, R., Mirceski, V., Komorsky-Lovric, S. et al. Three-phase electrodes: simple and efficient tool for analysis of ion transfer processes across liquid-liquid interface—twenty years on. J Solid State Electrochem 24, 2575–2583 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04629-8

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