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Geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils in Ankara/Turkey: an assessment of the existing empirical equations

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Abstract

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils of Ankara. The secondary purpose is to determine the statistical relationships among swelling potential, swelling pressure and geotechnical parameters of these fine-grained soils. 440 data sets were used. Standard penetration tests, swelling tests and index tests were performed in this study. Fine-grained soils of Ankara are mainly medium–high plastic inorganic clays. They are mainly moderately active and stiff. Ankara soils may be considered as medium to high expanding soils and may be risky for lightweight structures. The simple regression analyses between swelling pressure and plasticity index resulted in a high coefficient of determination. The simple regression analysis among swelling potential and activity, swelling pressure and fine-grained percentage also resulted in an acceptable coefficient of determination. Two input parameters were used for the multiple nonlinear regression analysis. The prediction performance of the derived equations was tested with RMSE indices and VAF values. The best predictions were determined with the equation derived with the corrected SPT blow count-activity as an input parameter for determination of the swelling potential and the corrected SPT blow count-fine-grained percentage for determination of the swelling pressure with the multiple nonlinear regression analysis. Prediction error analysis of empirical equations proposed in this study and empirical equations collected from literature were performed. Both the equations proposed in this study and several equations from literature showed good performance. However most of the equations from literature gave negative results. The empirical equations developed in this study should be tested with other studies.

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(modified from Akyürek et al. 1997)

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Abbreviations

A:

Activity

ASTM:

American Society of Technical Materials

BS:

British standard

Cc:

Clay content

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

ENV:

Eurocode

FGP:

Fine-grained percent (%)

Ic:

Consistency index

LL:

Liquid limit (%)

N60 :

Corrected SPT blow count

PI:

Plasticity index (%)

RMSE:

Root mean square error

SC:

Shrinkage index (%)

SPT:

Standart penetration test

Sp:

Swelling potential (%)

Ps:

Swelling pressure (kPa)

TSE:

Turkish Standard Institute

USBR:

The United States Bureau of Reclamation

VAF:

Value account for

Wo:

Natural water content (%)

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Acknowledgements

The author expresses thanks to the Eka Design Engineering Ltd. and Geophysics Engineer İbrahim Ethem Öztürk for providing data support.

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  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Ali Kayabaşı

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Kayabaşı, A. Geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils in Ankara/Turkey: an assessment of the existing empirical equations. Environ Earth Sci 79, 282 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09025-z

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