* Corresponding authors

^a Olfactory Sensors Group, Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
E-mail: NGO.Huynhthien@nims.go.jp

^b Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
E-mail: s.goldup@soton.ac.uk

^c Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK

^d International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

^e Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070, Denton, TX 76203, USA

^f International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan

^g Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan

^h Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan