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Down-Regulation of Zeaxanthin Epoxidation in Vascular Plant Leaves Under Normal and Photooxidative Stress Conditions

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Abstract

The down-regulation of zeaxanthin (Zx) epoxidation is important for the regulation of Zx accumulation in xanthophyll cycle and for the development of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The NPQ development and Zx accumulation kinetics in rice, barley, and spinach leaves under light of different intensities were highly similar among the three plants. When the leaves were pre-treated with an inhibitor of Zx epoxidase (ZE), salicylaldoxime (SA), the two kinetics patterns in the leaves under low and moderately high light intensities became similar to those of high light intensity-treated leaves. Therefore, we propose that reversible down-regulation of Zx epoxidation plays an important role in plants, and this reversible down-regulation mechanism is a general mechanism in plants which occurs at room temperature under various light conditions as well as under different stress conditions in the presence of light. This reversible down-regulation is different from the irreversible down-regulation mechanism of ZE which involves ZE protein degradation together with D1 protein degradation under photooxidative conditions. There will be discussion on the mechanisms for the actual regulation of ZE activities involving phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of still unknown regulator(s) and/or by the redox regulation involving NADPH thioredoxin reductase C and thioredoxin m.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a 2-year research grant from Pusan National University.

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Author notes

  1. Minh Hien Hoang and Ho-Seung Kim have contributed equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrated Biological Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjung-ku, Busan, 46241, South Korea

    Minh Hien Hoang, Ho-Seung Kim, Ismayil S. Zulfugarov & Choon-Hwan Lee

  2. Algal Biotechnology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Minh Hien Hoang

Authors
  1. Minh Hien Hoang
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  2. Ho-Seung Kim
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  3. Ismayil S. Zulfugarov
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  4. Choon-Hwan Lee
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Contributions

MHH and HSK performed the experiments and analyzed the data, ISZ analyzed and interpreted the data, and CHL designed the experimental plan and edited the manuscript. All the authors agreed on the contents of the paper and have no conflict of interest.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Choon-Hwan Lee.

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Hoang, M.H., Kim, HS., Zulfugarov, I.S. et al. Down-Regulation of Zeaxanthin Epoxidation in Vascular Plant Leaves Under Normal and Photooxidative Stress Conditions. J. Plant Biol. 63, 331–336 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-020-09260-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-020-09260-8

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