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Applying landscape metrics and structural equation modeling to predict the effect of urban green space on air pollution and respiratory mortality in Tehran

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Abstract

Green space and its spatial formation are important elements of public welfare in urban environments and green ecosystems in big cities largely contribute to the mental and physical health of citizens. Tehran is Iran’s biggest and most polluted city and air pollution in this city causes loss of human lives due to respiratory diseases. The effect of green area has been less studied in former researches in Tehran, and the reducing effects of green landscape on the mortality of respiratory diseases have not yet been evaluated. To measure the effects of green area landscape patterns (fragmentation, area-edge, shape, and aggregation) on public health, the current study evaluated the pathways and effects of green space on air pollution and the mortality of respiratory diseases using structural equation modeling approach and the partial least squares method. The results of the study indicated green space has a significant mitigating effect on air pollution and mortality of respiratory diseases and also air pollution has a meaningful increasing effect on mortality due to respiratory diseases in Tehran. The most important latent variable in green space is class area that indicates more area of green space is correlated with less mortality of respiratory diseases. The most important indicator of air pollution was the PM2.5 that needs to be considered and controlled by urban policymakers. Accordingly, maximizing the green area and its cohesion and minimizing fragmentation and green patch edge can contribute to a reduction in air pollution and consequently lower mortality of citizens.

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Acknowledgments

We highly appreciate the kind assistance provided by the support team of the Smart PLS software in offering us a one-year license-free version of their valuable tool.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Shirkou Jaafari, Afshin Alizadeh Shabani, Mazaher Moeinaddini & Afshin Danehkar

  2. Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland

    Yousef Sakieh

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This article is extracted from my PhD thesis and Afshin Alizadeh Shabani and Mazaher Moeinaddini were Supervisors and Afshin Danehkar was Advisor too for PhD thesis. Yousef Sakieh revised the article critically.

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Correspondence to Shirkou Jaafari.

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Jaafari, S., Shabani, A.A., Moeinaddini, M. et al. Applying landscape metrics and structural equation modeling to predict the effect of urban green space on air pollution and respiratory mortality in Tehran. Environ Monit Assess 192, 412 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08377-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08377-0

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