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A molecular dynamics study of effects of crystal orientation, size scale, and strain rate on penetration mechanisms of monocrystalline copper subjected to impact from a nickel penetrator at very high strain rates

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Abstract

This paper presents a systematic computational study to investigate the effects of crystal orientation, strain rate (impact velocity), and size (thickness) on plasticity and damage behavior of copper single crystals during the penetration process at the atomistic scale. For the penetration analysis, copper single crystals with different crystal orientations and thicknesses were impacted and penetrated by a cylindrical nickel penetrator at different initial velocities. Modified embedded atom method potentials were used to develop atomistic models, and over 250 molecular dynamics simulations were performed to fully reveal the effects of influence parameters on plasticity and damage behavior of the copper single crystals. The results show that the copper single crystal with an octal slip orientation exhibits the greatest strength and penetration resistance, while the copper crystal with the single slip orientation exhibits the lowest strength and resistance. The results further show that the strength and penetration resistance of the target increase as the thickness of the copper single crystals increases. Furthermore, as the impact velocity increases, damage and fragmentation increase. Conclusions drawn from this computational study are consistent with macroscale plasticity theories of metals and reaffirm the conclusions drawn by other researchers in previous experimental studies.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Professor Carlos J. Ruestes for his help and many useful discussions on creating the atomistic models. The authors would also like to thank the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS) at Mississippi State University for supporting this effort. A portion of the present study was briefly presented at SAE 2019 World Congress Experience [61].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    Yangqing Dou & Yucheng Liu

  2. Center of Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    Bradley Huddleston & Y. Hammi

  3. School of Engineering, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA

    M. F. Horstemeyer

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  1. Yangqing Dou
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  2. Yucheng Liu
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  5. M. F. Horstemeyer
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Correspondence to Yucheng Liu.

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Dou, Y., Liu, Y., Huddleston, B. et al. A molecular dynamics study of effects of crystal orientation, size scale, and strain rate on penetration mechanisms of monocrystalline copper subjected to impact from a nickel penetrator at very high strain rates. Acta Mech 231, 2173–2201 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-020-02632-8

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