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Assessing functions of movement in a Great Plains endemic fish

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Abstract

Pelagic broadcast spawning cyprinids are a mobile group of fishes commonly found within semi-arid areas of the Great Plains of North America. In several species, upstream movements of 50 to 200 km have been reported and associated with reproductive migration. Long distance migrations also are associated with finding food and refuge. Goals of this study were to detect synchronous movement of Prairie Chub at specific life stages and relate movement to functions associated with migration (i.e., reproduction, feeding, and refuge). Movement was inferred by quantifying monthly occurrences of age groups using length frequency distributions among five sites in two rivers and supported with range-wide assessment of genetic structuring. Monthly occurrences of age groups among sites were related to reproductive season (i.e., gonadosomatic indices, ovarian condition) for assessing reproductive migration, to food consumption (i.e., gut content assessments) for assessing feeding migration, and to habitat associations (e.g., specific conductance) for assessing refuge migration. Spatial and temporal patterns in age-0, age-1 and age-2 fish occurrences and abundances suggested movement within only one river. Non-synchronized movements were more consistently associated with specific conductance following a high flow event, which was more consistent with a refuge function than reproductive season or food consumption. Our findings suggest that Prairie Chubs are capable of moving long distances, but movement was inconsistently associated with reproductive efforts as previously described. Without synchronized movements, we question whether movement is migration or dispersal and provide a contrasting narrative to the drift compensation theory used to describe broadcast spawning cyprinid migrations.

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by funding from the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts RFP No. 212 for Endangered Species Research Project--Prairie Chub. This study was conducted under Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Scientific Collection Permit SPR-0601-159, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Permit Number 6553, and Texas State Institute of Animal Care and Use Committee Number 201473646. We thank Peter Pfaff and Nicky Faucheux for assisting in the development of maps used for this publication, and Nicky Faucheux, Jeremy Maikoetter, Lauren Chappell, Danielle Terrell, Melody Martinez, and numerous Texas State University Ichthyology students for assisting with fieldwork and laboratory analysis.

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  1. Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA

    David S. Ruppel, V. Alex Sotola, Cody A. Craig, Noland H. Martin & Timothy H. Bonner

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Ruppel, D.S., Sotola, V.A., Craig, C.A. et al. Assessing functions of movement in a Great Plains endemic fish. Environ Biol Fish 103, 795–814 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-00983-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-00983-8

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