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Noncoding RNAs in oral premalignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Abstract

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest mortality rate among all head and neck cancers and a relatively low five-year survival rate. Generally, the development of an oral mucosal malignancy represents a multistep process beginning with normal oral mucosa epithelium and culminating in OSCC after transitioning through intermediary oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs), during which dysplasia is often observed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that are not translated into proteins, but still can participate in regulating neoplastic cell behavior. Recently, data have emerged on the role of ncRNAs in the progression of oral mucosal malignant diseases, but the exact mechanisms through which ncRNAs are involved remain to be elucidated.

Conclusions

Knowledge on ncRNAs has added an extra layer of complexity to our understanding of the malignant progression of oral mucosal diseases. The identification of ncRNAs in multiple body fluids as biomarkers may provide new diagnostic options that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMDs and OSCC, respectively. Despite overall advances that have been made in cancer treatment, the treatment options for OPMDs and OSCC are still limited. Several studies have shown that ncRNA-based treatment regimens may hold promise as alternative methods for treating OPMDs and OSCC. The use of ncRNAs as therapeutic agents, including miR-155, miR-34 and lncRNA HOTAIR, appear promising.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available in the PubMed repository, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81672675, 81872211 and 81621062), the 111 Project of MOE China (Grant No. B14038) and the Sichuan University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates (No. C2019106455).

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FH wrote the manuscript and designed the figures; CX, HB and KL collected the related references and edited the manuscript; QC and JL provided guidance and revised this manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Huang, F., Xin, C., Lei, K. et al. Noncoding RNAs in oral premalignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol. 43, 763–777 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-020-00521-9

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