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Isospora oliveirai n. sp. (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) from the Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye, 1838) (Passeriformes: Tyranni: Tityridae) in South America

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Abstract

Background

Coccidia are obligatory intracellular parasites with at least one intestinal phase in their life cycles, being Isospora Schneider, 1881 the main coccidian genus related to the order Passeriformes. However, there is no record of isosporans from the passerine family Tityridae, which is the family of the greenish schiffornis Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye, 1838).

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the faeces from a greenish schiffornis S. virescens captured in the Itatiaia National Park, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, to determine what coccidian parasites were present.

Methods

Only one specimen of Schiffornis virescens was captured with mist nets. Coccidian oocysts were recovered from the fecal samples by flotation in Sheather’s saturated solution. Morphological observations, line drawings, photomicrographs and measurements were made in optical microscopy and digitally edited. The molecular analysis included the study of the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, with phylogenetic reconstructions based on the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood analysis.

Results

An Isospora sp. considered as new to science is described and identified from Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye, 1838). Isospora oliveirai n. sp. has oocysts that are subspheroidal, 26.0 × 24.8 μm, with rough, bilayered wall, c.2.5 μm thick. Micropyle and oocyst residuum absent, but one to six polar granules are present. Sporocysts lemon-shaped, 18.1 × 10.9 μm. The Stieda body is knob-like to half-moon-shaped and sub-Stieda is rounded. Sporocyst residuum is present, composed of scattered spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform, with refractile bodies and nucleus. Molecular analysis at the COI gene exhibited similarity of 97% with Isospora serinuse Yang, Brice, Elliot et Ryan, 2015 from island canaries Serinus canaria (Linnaeus, 1758), and Isospora spp. from great tits Parus major (Linnaeus, 1758) and European robins Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758).

Conclusion

Based on the morphological and molecular features, I. oliveirai is considered as new to science and the first coccidian species recorded from Tityridae.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to staff at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, mainly to the research coordinator Dr. Léo Nascimento, that allowed us to access and use some facilities during the expeditions.

Funding

This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). CNO-F has a scholarship from CNPq (Grant/Award number 120107/2018-0). JLG-O and MSO have scholarship from CAPES (Grant/Award number 001). BPB has a fellowship from CNPq (Grant/Award number 303899/2019-0) and from FAPERJ (Grant/Award number E-26/202.797/2019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Carlos Nei Ortúzar-Ferreira

  2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Jhon Lennon Genovez-Oliveira & Mariana de Souza Oliveira

  3. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ericson Ramos de Mello

  4. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Brazil

    Sergio Thode-Filho

  5. Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Águida Aparecida de Oliveira

  6. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 23890-000, Brazil

    Viviane Moreira de Lima, Ildemar Ferreira & Bruno Pereira Berto

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  1. Carlos Nei Ortúzar-Ferreira
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  9. Bruno Pereira Berto
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Contributions

The study was designed by VML, IF and BPB. Field work was performed by CNO-F, JLG-O, MSO, ST-F and BPB. Laboratory procedures for maintenance, recovery, measurements, photomicrographs and isolation of oocysts were performed by CNO-F and MSO. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing were performed by CNO-F, JLG-O, ERM, AAO and VML. BPB analyzed the data and drew the coccidian oocyst. The manuscript was written by CNO-F and BPB and subsequently revised by all other authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruno Pereira Berto.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Field-collecting permits were issued by SISBIO/ICMBio (license 54951-1) and CEUA/IV/UFRRJ (protocol 6606250616). All applicable institutional, national and international guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Ortúzar-Ferreira, C.N., Genovez-Oliveira, J.L., de Souza Oliveira, M. et al. Isospora oliveirai n. sp. (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) from the Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye, 1838) (Passeriformes: Tyranni: Tityridae) in South America. Acta Parasit. 65, 843–851 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00237-8

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