Abstract
A combination of a long exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the extraction of radiolysis and photolysis products from tracks makes it possible to create ion-selective membranes from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films irradiated with heavy ions. These membranes exhibit high selectivity for singly charged cations and high transport characteristics in the electrodialysis mode. The aim of this study is to analyze the mechanisms of the transformation of latent tracks into a system of through pores of the subnanometer range in more detail. Polyethylene terephthalate films are irradiated with accelerated Xe and Bi ions with energy losses in the polymer of 11 and 18 keV/nm, respectively. The evolution of the free volume and the accumulation of carboxyl groups in the irradiated films at different stages of the treatment are studied using gravimetry, IR and UV spectroscopy, conductometry, and electron microscopy methods. It is found that the properties of the resulting membranes depend on several critical parameters, which include, in addition to temperature during extraction, the energy loss of the bombarding ion, the pH of the solution used for extraction, and ion fluence. Dramatic changes in the membrane properties are observed at ion fluences at which individual tracks begin to overlap.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
V. V. Berezkin, A. N. Nechaev, S. V. Fomichev, B. V. Mchedlishvili, and N. I. Zhitaryuk, Colloid J. USSR, Plenum Publishing, 53, 292 (1991).
A. E. Yaroshchuk, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 60, 1 (1995).
P. Yu. Apel’ and L. I. Kravets, Khim. Vys. Energ. 25, 138 (1991).
P. Yu. Apel’ and L. I. Kravets, Khim. Vys. Energ. 26, 295 (1992).
K. Schaupert, D. Albrecht, P. Armbruster, and R. Spohr, Appl. Phys. 44, 347 (1987).
P. Yu. Apel, N. Angert, W. Bruechle, H. Hermann, U. Kampschulte, P. Klein, L. I. Kravets, Yu. Ts. Oganessian, G. Remmert, R. Spohr, T. Steckenreiter, C. Trautmann, and J. Vetter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 86, 325 (1994).
M. Esser, P. Yu. Apel, W. Bruechle, J. Furmann, B. Heinrich, G. Remmert, R. Spohr, C. Trautmann, and J. Vetter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 91, 157 (1994).
N. Betz, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. 55, 105 (1995).
Y. Kimura, J. Chen, M. Asano, Y. Maekawa, R. Katakai, and M. Yoshida, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. 263, 463 (2007).
Heavy Ion Physics: VI Intern. School-Seminar, Dubna, Russia (22–27 September, 1997), Ed. by Fink D., Ghosh S., Hirata K., Klett R., Dwivedi K.K., Vacik J., and Hnatowicz V. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1998).
D. Fink, A. Petrov, M. Muller, T. Asmus, V. Hnatowicz, J. Vacik, and J. Cervena, Surf. Coat. Technol. 158–159, 228 (2002).
P. Y. Apel, V. V. Bashevoy, I. V. Blonskaya, N. I. Lizunov, O. L. Orelovitch, and C. Trautmann, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 25 421 (2016).
Q. Wen, D. Yan, F. Liu, M. Wang, Y. Ling, P. Wang, P. Kluth, D. Schauries, C. Trautmann, P. Apel, W. Guo, G. Xiao, J. Liu, J. Xue, Y. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater 26, 5796 (2016).
P. Wang, M. Wang, F. Liu, S. Ding, X. Wang, G. Du, J. Liu, P. Apel, P. Kluth, C. Trautmann, and Y. Wang, Nat. Commun. 9, 569 (2018).
P. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Ling, M. Wang, S. Ding, W. Shen, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Liu, Radiat. Meas. 119, 80 (2018).
P. Yu. Apel, O. V. Bobreshova, A. V. Volkov, V. V. Volkov, V. V. Nikonenko, I. A. Stenina, A. N. Filippov, Yu. P. Yampolskii, and A. B. Yaroslavtsev, Membr. Membr. Technol. 1, 45 (2019).
S. E. Kesler, P. W. Gruber, P. A. Medina, G. A. Keoleian, M. P. Everson, and T. J. Wallington, Ore Geol. Rev. 48, 55 (2012).
T. Hoshino, Fusion Eng. Des. 88, 2956 (2013).
A. Somrani, A. H. Hamzaoui, and M. Pontie, Desalination 317, 184 (2013).
X.-Y. Nie, S.-Y. Sun, Z. Sun, X. Song, J.-G. Yu, Desalination 403, 128 (2017).
J. F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack, and U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids (Pergamon: New York, 1985). http://www.srim.org.
P. Yu. Apel, A. Schulz, R. Spohr, C. Trautmann, V. Vutsadakis, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 146, 468 (1998).
N. Berezina, N. Gnusin, O. Dyomina, and S. Timofeev, J. Membr. Sci. 86, 207 (1994).
O. L. Orelovitch, P. Yu. Apel, and B. Sartowska, J. Microscopy 224, 100 (2006).
S. Abu Saleh and Y. Eyal, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2529 (2004).
S. Abu Saleh and Y. Eyal, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B. 236, 81 (2005).
D. K. Avasthi, J. P. Singh, A. Biswas, and S. K. Bose, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 146, 504 (1998).
T. Grossetete, A. Rivaton, J. L. Gardette, C. E. Hoyle, M. Ziemer, D. R. Fagerburg, and H. Clauberg, Polymer 41, 3541 (2000).
R. L. Addleman and V. I. J. Zichy, Polymer 13, 391 (1972).
T. Steckenreiter, E. Balanzat, H. Fuess, and C. Trautmann, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 131, 159 (1997).
X. Fang and G. Mark, and C. von Sonntag, Ultrason. Sonochem. 3, 57 (1996).
S. Krishnan, S. B. Mitra, P. M. Russell, and G. Benz, ACS Symp. Ser. 287, 389.
R. Buchalla and T. H. Begley, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 75, 129 (2006).
A. I. Vilensky, D. L. Zagorsky, V. Ya. Kabanov, and B. V. Mchedlishvili, Radiat. Meas. 36, 131 (2003).
A. Shafaei, M. Nikazar, and M. Arami, Desalination 252, 8 (2010).
D. Doub and J. M. Vandenbelt, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 2714 (1947).
Chemist’s Handbook, Ed. by Nikol’skii B.P. (Khimiya, Moscow, 1964) [in Russian].
C. Sanborn, J. V. Chacko, M. Digman, and S. Ardo, Chem. 5, 1648 (2019).
Membranes and Membrane Technologies, Ed. by Yaroslavtsev A.B. (Nauchnyi Mir, Moscow, 2013) [in Russian].
V. V. Berezkin, O. A. Kiseleva, A. N. Nechaev, V. D. Sobolev, N. V. Churaev, Kolloid. Zh. 56, 319 (1994).
H. Chang, J. M. Schultz, and R. M. Gohil, J. Macromol. Sci. 32, 99 (1994).
F. Dinelli, H. E. Assender, K. Kirov, and O. V. Kolosov, Polymer 41, 4285 (2000).
D. I. Svergun, A. B. Semenyuk, L. Yu. Mogilevskii, V. V. Berezkin, A. N. Nechaev, and B. V. Mchedlishvili, Kolloidn. Zh. 53, 143 (1991).
V. S. Nichka, S. A. Mareev, M. V. Porozhnyy, S. A. Shkirskaya, E. Yu. Safronova, N. D. Pismenskaya, and V. V. Nikonenko, Membr. Membr. Techn. 1, 190 (2019).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank N.S. Kirilkin for his assistance in irradiating the samples with Bi ions. P.Yu.A. thanks Feng Liu for useful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by M. Timoshinina
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Apel, P.Y., Blonskaya, I.V., Ivanov, O.M. et al. Creation of Ion-Selective Membranes from Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Irradiated with Heavy Ions: Critical Parameters of the Process. Membr. Membr. Technol. 2, 98–108 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S251775162002002X
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S251775162002002X