Abstract
The results of the herbological analyses of the seed lots of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia received in the trading networks of Tomsk oblast are presented. The species composition of weedy plants which are able to spread by speirochory is revealed. A high degree of weed infestation of green manure seeds, including diaspores of invasive and potentially invasive species (as well as quarantine plants), has been recorded. In seed lots of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia supplied to Tomsk oblast in 2017–2018 from the European part of Russia and the Siberian Federal District, diaspores of 58 weed species were found, among which nine species are invasive, including one quarantine species (Acroptilon repens). Along with a large diversity of weed species, a high total contamination (from 340 to 86 500 pcs/kg) of green manure seeds, including the most harmful weeds, is noted. For example, diaspores of seven weed species recognized as dangerous and one species which is especially dangerous for products of plant origin were present in the studied samples of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia. A large threat is also posed by the contamination of the studied green manure seeds by weeds with a pronounced dormant period, the seeds of which replenish the soil bank of agrocenoses, ensuring their contamination for many years to come. To ensure the agricultural safety of the region, strict control of the contamination of imported seed lots, their culling, and preventing the sale of heavily contaminated seed lots are necessary.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Chernaya Kniga flory Sibiri (The Black Book of Siberian Flora), Vinogradova, Yu.K. and Kupriyanov, A.N., Eds., Novosibirsk: Geo, 2016.
Conn, J.S., Pathways of invasive plant spread to Alaska. III. Contaminants in crop and grass seed, Invas. Plant Sci. Mana., 2012, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 270–281. https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00073.1
Dobrokhotov, V.N., Semena sornykh rastenii (Seeds of Weedy Plants), Moscow: Sel’khozizdat, 1961.
GOST 20290-74, Gosudarstvennyi standart Soyuza SSR, Semena sel’skokhozyaistvennykh kul’tur. Opredelenie posevnykh kachestv semyan. Terminy i opredeleniya (s izmeneniem N 1) (GOST 20290-74, State Standard of the USSR. Seeds of Agricultural Crops. Determination of Sowing Qualities of Seeds. Terms and Definitions (with Modification no. 1)), Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1987.
GOST R 52325-2005, Natsional’nyi standart Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Semena sel’skokhozyaistvennykh rastenii. Sortovye i posevnye kachestva. Obshchie tekhnicheskie usloviya (GOST R 52325-2005, National Standard of the Russian Federation. Seeds of Agricultural Plants. Variety and Sowing Qualities. General Technical Specifications), Moscow: Standartinform, 2005.
Hejda, M., Pysek, P., and Jarosιk, V., Impact of invasive plants on the species richness, diversity and composition of invaded communities, J. Ecol., 2009, vol. 97, pp. 393–403.
Hulme, P.E., Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization, J. Appl. Ecol., 2009, vol. 46, pp. 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.x
Isaev, A.A., The number of disturbances during seed turnover is growing, Zashch. Karantin Rast., 2013, no. 7, pp. 3–5.
List of harmful pests for products of plant origin, Vestn. Zashch. Rast., 2010a, no. 4, pp. 74–75.
List of especially harmful pests for products of plant origin, Vestn. Zashch. Rast., 2010b, no. 4, p. 73.
Mack, R.N., The commercial seed trade: an early disperser of weeds in the United States, Econ. Bot., 1991, vol. 45, pp. 257–273.
Mack, R.N., Global plant dispersal, naturalization, and invasion: pathways, modes, and circumstances, in Invasive Species, Vectors and Management Strategies, Ruiz, G.M. and Carlton, J.T., Eds., Washington: Island Press, 2003, pp. 3–30.
Maisuryan, N.A. and Atabekova, A.I., Opredelitel’ semyan i plodov sornykh rastenii (Identifier of Seeds and Fruits of Weedy Plants), Moscow: Kolos, 1978.
Mikhailova, S.I., Ebel’, A.L., and Ebel’, T.V., Use of herbological analysis of seed lots of agricultural plants to study weed flora, Mater. Vseros. nauch. konf. s mezhd. uchastiem “Sornye rasteniya v izmenyayushchemsya mire: aktual’nye voprosy izucheniya raznoobraziya, proiskhozhdeniya, evolyutsii,” Sankt-Peterburg, 27–28 noyabrya 2017 goda, Tezisy dokladov (Proc. All-Russia Sci. Conf. with Int. Participation “Weedy Plants in a Changing World: Current Questions on Diversity, Origin, and Evolution,” St. Petersburg, November 27–28, 2017, Abstracts of Papers), St. Petersburg, 2017, pp. 40–41.
Moskalenko, G.P. and Yudin, B.I., Atlas semyan i plodov sornykh rastenii, vstrechayushchikhsya v podkarantinnykh gruzakh i materialakh (Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Weeds Found in the Quarantine Loads and Materials), Moscow: KMK, 1999.
Nikolin, E.G., The weed and alien plants of Yakutia, Russ. J. Biol. Invasions, 2014, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 86–89.
Pimentel, D., McNair, S., Janecka, J., Wightman, J., Simmonds, C., O’Connell, C., Wong, E., Russel, L., Zern, J., Aquino, T., and Tsomondo, T., Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2001, vol. 84, pp. 1–20.
Rakov, N.S., Senator, S.A., and Saksonov, S.V., Anthropochory of adventitious plants of the Middle Volga region, Izv. Samar. Nauch. Tsentra, Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2011, vol. 13, no. 5 (2), pp. 203–208.
Richardson, D.M., Holmes, P.M., Esler, K.J., Galatowitsch, S.M., Stromberg, J.C., et al., Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects, Divers. Distrib., 2007, vol. 13, pp. 126–139.
Tuganaev, V.V., Lekontseva, L.R., and Tuganaev, A.V., Grain and seed materials as a source of past and present plant dissemination, Mater. Vseros. nauchno-prakt. konf. “Voprosy ekologii i prirodopol’zovaniya v agrarnom sektore” (Proc. All-Russia Sci. Pract. Conf. “Ecology and environmental issues in the agricultural sector”), 2003, pp. 268–273.
Vasyukov, V.M., Methods of dissemination of unintentionally-bearing American species of the Asteraceae Dumort. family in the flora of the Middle and Lower Volga region, Mater. Vseros. konf., posvyashchennoi 105-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya R.E. Levinoi “Reproduktivnaya biologiya, geografiya i ekologiya rastenii i soobshchestv Srednego Povolzh’ya” (Proc. All-Russia Conf. Devoted to the 105th Anniversary of R.E. Levina), Oparina, S.N., Ed., Ul’yanovsk: Ul’yanov. Gos. Ped. Univ., 2012, pp. 53–58.
Vinogradova, Yu.K., Mayorov, S.R., and Khorun, L.V., Chernaya kniga flory Srednei Rossii: Chuzherodnye vidy rastenii v ekosistemakh Srednei Rossii (Black Book of Flora of Central Russia: Alien Plant Species in the Ecosystems of Central Russia), Moscow: GEOS, 2010.
Vinogradova, Yu.K., Mayorov, S.R., and Notov, A.A., Chernaya kniga flory Tverskoi oblasti: chuzherodnye vidy rastenii v ekosistemakh Tverskogo regiona (Black Book of Flora of the Tver Oblast: Alien Plant Species in the Ecosystems of the Tver Region), Moscow: KMK, 2011.
Winter, M., Schweiger, O., Klotz, S., Nentwig, W., Andriopoulos, P., Arianoutsou, M., Basnou, C., Delipetrou, P., Didziulis, V., Hejda, M., Hulme, P.E., Lambdon, P.W., Pergl, J., Pysek, P., Roy, D.B., et al., Plant extinctions and introductions lead to phylogenetic and taxonomic homogenization of the European flora, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, vol. 106, pp. 21721–21725.
Unified List of Quarantine Facilities of the Eurasian Economic Union. With Changes and Additions from March 30, 2018 (Amendments Dated May 2, 2018). Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 25 from March 30, 2018. https://vniikr.ru/edinyij-perechen-karantinnyixobektov-evrazijskogo-ekonomicheskogo-soyuza. Accessed February, 19, 2019.
Funding
This scientific research (project no. 8.1.09.2018) was supported by the Tomsk State University Competitiveness Enhancement Program.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS
The article does not contain any studies involving living organisms in experiments carried out by any of the authors.
Additional information
Translated by M. Shulskaya
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mikhailova, S.I., Ebel, T.V. & Ebel, A.L. Distribution of Alien Plants by Speirochory in Agrocenosis of Tomsk Oblast. Russ J Biol Invasions 10, 358–364 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111719040064
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111719040064