Skip to main content
Log in

Calculating the indoor radon flux from construction materials and soil

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal Plus Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A theoretical method is used to calculate the radon exhalation and flux from the walls of a room and the soil to the living space in the room. The calculations are based on the Fick’s laws to describe the radon diffusion through the walls and in the soil. In both cases, the diffusion is considered as one-dimension along the direction to the inside of the room. Under some conditions, the three-dimensional diffusion has to be taken into account. A comparison between the one- and three-dimensional descriptions is discussed, and hence the radon areal release rate from a wall and that from a construction material sample are formulated and related. Consequent indoor radon concentrations and inhalation doses are represented. The effect of the radon release from the construction materials on calculating the gamma dose rate in a room is studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V. Druzhinin, M.Y. Sinitsky, A.V. Larionov, V.P. Volobaev, V.I. Minina, T.A. Golovina, Assessing the level of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes in long-term resident children under conditions of high exposure to radon and its decay products. Mutagenesis 50(5), 677–683 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Al-Zoughool, D. Krewski, Health effects of radon: a review of the literature. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 85, 57–69 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A citizen’s guide to radon, United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/. Accessed 24 Jan 2020

  4. J. Tong, L. Qin, Y. Cao, J. Li, J. Zhang, J. Nie, Y. An, Environmental radon exposure and childhood Leukemia. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 15(5), 332–347 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J.S. Puskin, Smoking as a confounder in ecologic correlations of cancer mortality rates with average county radon levels. Health Phys. 84, 526–532 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Bochicchio, Radon epidemiology and nuclear track detectors: methods, results and perspectives. Radiat. Meas. 40, 177–190 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. B.L. Cohen, Test of the linear no-threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis for inhaled radon decay products. Health Phys. 68, 157–174 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. European Commission, Luxembourg: enhanced radioactivity of building materials. Radiation Protection 96, 1 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Keller, B. Hoffmann, T. Feigenspan, Radon permeability and radon exhalation of building materials. Sci. Total Environ. 272, 85–89 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Kovler, A. Perevalov, V. Steiner, E. Rabkin, Determination of the radon diffusion length in building materials using electrets and activated carbon. Health Phys. 86, 505–516 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R.P. Chauhan, A. Kumar, A comparative study of indoor radon contributed by diffusive and advective transport through intact concrete. Phys. Procedia 80, 109–112 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Hafez, E. Awad, Finite element modeling of radon distribution in natural soils of different geophysical regions. Cogent Phys. 3, 1254859 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. UNSCEAR. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. United Nations, New York (2000)

  14. S. Stoulos, M. Manolopoulou, C. Papastefanou, Assessment of natural radiation exposure and radon exhalation from building materials in Greece. J. Environ. Radioact. 69, 225–240 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. P. Ujic, I. Celikovic, A. Kandic, I. Vukanac, M. Durasevic, D. Dragosavac, Z. Zunic, Internal exposure from building materials exhaling 222Rn and 220Rn as compared to external exposure due to their natural radioactivity content. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 68, 201–206 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Li, C. Fan, M. Xiang, P. Liu, F. Mu, Q. Meng, W. Wang, Short-term variations of indoor and outdoor radon concentrations in a typical semi-arid city of Northwest China. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 317(1), 297–306 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Ivanova, Z. Stojanovska, B. Kunovska, N. Chobanova, V. Badulin, A. Benderev, Analysis of the spatial variation of indoor radon concentrations (national survey in Bulgaria). Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26, 6971–6979 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Orabi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Orabi, M. Calculating the indoor radon flux from construction materials and soil. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 458 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00483-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00483-9

Navigation