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Production of bacterial cellulose from alternative cheap and waste resources: A step for cost reduction with positive environmental aspects

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Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), an important biopolymer, has gained tremendous interest in several fields in the last few decades. Despite having the same chemical structure as plant cellulose, BC is superior in physical appearance and purity, as well as in mechanical, crystallinic, and biological properties for multiple applications. Despite these features, BC has limitations in production cost as well as physiological features. Notable limitations, including a non-bactericidal nature, low biocompatibility, and lack of conductive and magnetic properties, have been compensated through the development of composites using nanomaterials and polymers. Similarly, the limitation associated with cost has been reduced by developing new BC synthesis strategies, designing novel bioreactors, using genetically modified microbial species, and exploring alternative cheap fermentation media. Successful BC production has been reported from the use of industrial, confectionary, municipal and other wastes, including coconut water and fruit juices. Herein, we overview various efforts made thus far in identifying waste byproducts and inexpensive carbon sources for cost-effective BC production. It also provides information about the BC market and selling price, as well as techno-economic analysis of biotechnological BC production. This review article includes findings reported in the last few decades, and we hope it will be of great interest for readers as well as commercial BC producers.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially supported by the basic science research program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2014-R1A1A2055756). This work has also been partially supported by The Research Council (TRC) Oman through Block Research Funding Program (BFP/RGP/EBR/18/106).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman

    Mazhar Ul-Islam

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China

    Muhammad Wajid Ullah

  3. Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab., School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China

    Shaukat Khan

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea

    Joong Kon Park

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  1. Mazhar Ul-Islam
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  2. Muhammad Wajid Ullah
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  4. Joong Kon Park
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Correspondence to Joong Kon Park.

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Joong Kon Park is a Professor at the department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University in Korea. He received his B.S. degree (Seoul National University, Korea), M.S. and Ph.D. degrees (KAIST, Korea), all in Chemical Engineering and was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. His research interests include transport phenomena, and biochemical engineering, especially, bacterial cellulose nanocomposite. His paper “Overview of bacterial cellulose composites: A multipurpose advanced material” has been cited more than 350 times. He had worked as Editor-in-Chief of Korean J Chem Eng for 8 years from 2009 to 2016 and also worked as Director of Engineering at Korean NRF for 2 years from 2017 to 2019.

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Ul-Islam, M., Ullah, M.W., Khan, S. et al. Production of bacterial cellulose from alternative cheap and waste resources: A step for cost reduction with positive environmental aspects. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 925–937 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0524-3

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