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A comparative study of sterols in milk fat of different Indian dairy animals based on chemometric analysis

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Abstract

In this study, sterols in milk fat of cow, goat, buffalo and camel were analyzed for their variability across different season and species. A GC–MS-SIM (gas chromatography- mass spectrometry-single ion monitoring mode) method was developed for accurate determination of sterols through the selection of correct set of target and reference ions in different time windows. The simple and rapid method enabled accurate analysis of sterols without subjecting them to derivatization. The sterols characterized in milk fat included cholesterol, lathosterol, desmosterol, lanosterol and dihydrolanosterol. Species compared to season had a pronounced effect on variability of sterols. Among the different species, goat milk contained the highest cholesterol level (325.18 mg 100 g−1 fat) while minor sterols were most abundant in buffalo milk (20.62 mg 100 g−1 fat). The content of minor sterols: lanosterol, lathosterol, desmosterol and dihydrolanosterol in milk of different animals varied from 5.94 to 9.11, 3.01 to 7.50, 0.60 to 2.77 & 0.57 to 1.25 mg 100 g−1 fat respectively. Chemometric statistical approaches consisting of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (PCA and HCA) were used to process the data. PCA was a suitable approach to find out the similarity and differences between different species and accounted for 96.6% of total variability in data. However, the variation based on season could not be explained well by PCA. HCAcould suitably classify the milch animals into four clusters based on sterol content.

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Acknowledgement

The authors thank to National Referral Laboratory for Milk Quality and Safety, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana for providing lab facilities and assistance for carrying out this research work.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

    Jyotika Dhankhar, Rajan Sharma & K. P. Indumathi

Authors
  1. Jyotika Dhankhar
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  2. Rajan Sharma
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  3. K. P. Indumathi
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Contributions

RS and IKP made significant contribution to the present study. Experimental design and concept was conceived by RS, performed by JD. Manuscript writing and statistical analysis was done by JD. Manuscript was assessed and critically evaluated by IKP.

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Correspondence to Jyotika Dhankhar.

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Dhankhar, J., Sharma, R. & Indumathi, K.P. A comparative study of sterols in milk fat of different Indian dairy animals based on chemometric analysis. Food Measure 14, 2538–2548 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00500-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00500-6

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