Abstract
In this study, poplar chemi-mechanical pulp was used as a raw material to investigate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) content on the tensile strength and hydrophobicity of molded fiber materials (MFMs). The tensile strength and hydrophobic properties of the fabricated MFMs with different EHL contents were evaluated, and changes in their microstructure, chemical structure, and thermal stability were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, respectively. Results show that under the experimental conditions used herein, the addition of EHL could increase the tensile strength and surface water contact angle of MFMs up to 20.3 MPa and 95.0°, respectively. The SEM observations indicate that the addition of EHL expanded the contact area between the EHL and fibers, thereby reducing the holes between fibers. The FTIR and TG analyses indicated that hot-pressing degraded EHL to form small molecular substances and improved the reaction with aldehydes produced via carbohydrate degradation, improving both the inter-fiber bonding strength and hydrophobicity of the MFM surface.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (no. 2572018AB24) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2017YFD0601004).
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
References
Djikanović, D., Simonović, J., Savić, A., Ristić, I., Bajuk-Bogdanović, D., Kalauzi, A., Cakić, S., Budinski-Simendić, J., Jeremić, M., Radotić, K. (2012) Structural differences between lignin model polymers synthesized from various monomers. J. Polym. Environ. 20:607–617.10.1007/s10924-012-0422-9Search in Google Scholar
Faix, O. (1991) Classification of lignins from different botanical origins by FT-IR spectroscopy. Holzforschung 45:21–28.10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.s1.21Search in Google Scholar
Falco, C., Sieben, J.M., Brun, N., Sevilla, M., van der Mauelen, T., Morallón, E., Cazorla-Amorós, D., Titirici, M.M. (2013) Hydrothermal carbons from hemicellulose-derived aqueous hydrolysis products as electrode materials for supercapacitors. ChemSusChem 6:374–382.10.1002/cssc.201200817Search in Google Scholar PubMed
GB/T 1040.3-2006 (2006) “Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Part 3: test conditions for films and sheets.” Standardization Administration of China, Beijing, China.Search in Google Scholar
Huang, J., Fu, S.Y. Lignin Chemistry and Modified Materials. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2014.Search in Google Scholar
Jin, C.D., Yang, W., Han, S.J., Wang, Z., Li, J.P. (2014) The change law of lignin in the process of manufacturing non-colloidal fiber board – taking the manufacturing method of acidic steam heating and grinding as an example. J. Northeast For. Univ. 42:89–92.Search in Google Scholar
Kaczmarek-Okrój, M., Bruczyńska, M., Wojciechowska, M., Klich, D., Głowacz, K., Gajewska, K., Olech, W. (2016) Rules of capture and transport of wisents from Poland to other European countries. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 22:231–238.Search in Google Scholar
Li, J., Zheng, R.X., Jin, C.D. Study and Practice of Non – Adhesive Artificial Board. Science Press, Beijing, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
Li, Y., Fu, Q., Rojas, R., Yan, M., Lawoko, M., Berglund, L. (2017) Lignin-retaining transparent wood. ChemSusChem 10:3445–3451.10.1002/cssc.201701089Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Lin, Z., Peng, W.X., Li, N.C. (2013) Effect of alkali treatment on the extrusion binding mechanism of eucalyptus fiber. in China forestry congress. 16:64–68.Search in Google Scholar
Liu, C.Y., Si, C.L., Wang, G.H., Jia, H.Y., Ma, L.T. (2018) A novel and efficient process for lignin fractionation in biomass-derived glycerol-ethanol solvent system. Ind. Crop. Prod. 111:201–211.10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.10.005Search in Google Scholar
Mao, H., Chen, X., Huang, R., Chen, M., Yang, R., Lan, P., Zhou, M., Zhang, F., Yang, Y., Zhou, X. (2018) Fast preparation of carbon spheres from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin: effects of hydrothermal carbonization conditions. Sci. Rep. 8:9501–9506.10.1038/s41598-018-27777-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Ou, Y., Huang, Q. (2010) Study on the photo degradation of pulp mold container. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 87:2052–2056.10.1002/app.11392Search in Google Scholar
Qin, Z., Gao, Q., Zhang, S., Li, J. (2014) Surface free energy and dynamic wettability of differently machined poplar woods. Bioresources 9:3088–3103.10.15376/biores.9.2.3088-3103Search in Google Scholar
Sadeghifar, H., Cui, C., Argyropoulos, D.S. (2012) Toward thermoplastic lignin polymers. Part 1. Selective Masking of phenolic hydroxyl groups in kraft lignins via methylation and oxypropylation chemistries. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51:16713–16720.10.1021/ie301848jSearch in Google Scholar
Schwanninger, M., Rodrigues, J.C., Pereira, H., Hinterstoisser, B. (2004) Effects of short-time vibratory ball milling on the shape of FT-IR spectra of wood and cellulose. Vib. Spectrosc. 36:23–40.10.1016/j.vibspec.2004.02.003Search in Google Scholar
Sevilla, M., Fuertes, A.B. (2009) The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose. Carbon47:2281–2289.10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.026Search in Google Scholar
Sharma, R.K., Wooten, J.B., Baliga, V.L., Lin, X., Chan, W.G., Hajaligol, M.R. (2004) Characterization of chars from pyrolysis of lignin. Fuel 83:1469–1482.10.1016/j.fuel.2003.11.015Search in Google Scholar
Suzuki, S., Shintani, H., Seungyoung, P., Saito, K., Laemsak, N., Okuma, M., Iiyama, K. (1998) Preparation of binderless boards from steam exploded pulps of oil palm (Elaeis guneensis Jaxq.) fronds and structural characteristics of lignin and wall polysaccharides in steam exploded pulps to be discussed for self-bindings. Holzforschung 52:417–426.10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.4.417Search in Google Scholar
Tan, X.S., Zhang, Q., Wang, W., Zhuang, X.S., Deng, Y.Z., Yuan, Z.H. (2019) Comparison study of organosolv pretreatment on hybrid pennisetum for enzymatic saccharification and lignin isolation. Fuel 249:334–340.10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.117Search in Google Scholar
Wang, B., Li, D.-L., Chen, T.-Y., Qin, Z.-Y., Peng, W.-X., Wen, J.-L. (2017a) Understanding the mechanism of self-bonding of bamboo binderless boards: investigating the structural changes of lignin macromolecule during the molding pressing process. Bioresources 12:514–532.10.15376/biores.12.1.514-532Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Q., Xiao, S., Shi, S.Q., Cai, L. (2017b) Mechanical strength, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity of fiber materials after removal of residual lignin. Bioresources 13:71–85.10.15376/biores.13.1.71-85Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Q.L., Xiao, S.L., Shi, S.Q., Cai, L.P. (2018) The effect of delignification on the properties of cellulosic fiber material. Holzforschung 72:443–449.10.1515/hf-2017-0183Search in Google Scholar
Wang, Q.L., Xiao, S.L., Shi, S.Q., Cai, L.P. (2019) Mechanical property enhancement of self-bonded natural fiber material via controlling cell wall plasticity and structure. Mater. Design. 172:8.10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107763Search in Google Scholar
Wu, F.S. Study on Molding Technology of Fine Industrial Packaging Pulp Moulding Products. South China University of Technology, Guangdong, 2016.Search in Google Scholar
Xu, F., Sun, R.C., Zhai, M.Z., Sun, J.X., Jiang, J.X., Zhao, G.J. (2010) Comparative study of three lignin fractions isolated from mild ball-milled Tamarix austromogoliac and Caragana sepium. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 108:1158–1168.10.1002/app.27761Search in Google Scholar
Yang, W. Study on the Change of Main Components in the Forming Process of Poplar Anhydric Fibreboard. Zhejiang Forestry University, Hangzhou, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
Yu, C., Zhang, W., Bekele, L.D., Lu, X.a., Duns, G.J., Jin, L., Jia, Q., Chen, J. (2018) Characterization of thermoplastic composites developed with wheat straw and enzymatic-hydrolysis lignin. Bioresources 13:3219–3235.10.15376/biores.13.2.3219-3235Search in Google Scholar
Yuan, Y., Guo, M.H. (2014) Preparation and characterization of composite modified lignin/wood fiber composites. J. Compos. Mater. 31:1098–1105.Search in Google Scholar
Yue, X., Zhang, Y.Y., Zheng, D.Y., Zhao, Y.L., Yue, J.Q., Xiao, S., L. (2018) Study on changes of lignin structure during hot pressing of moulded products. Packaging Engineering 39:84–90.Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Wu, J.-Q., Li, H., Yuan, T.-Q., Wang, Y.-Y., Sun, R.-C. (2017) Heat treatment of industrial alkaline lignin and its potential application as an adhesive for green wood–lignin composites. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5:7269–7277.10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01485Search in Google Scholar
Zheng, X. Study on the Hot Pressing Process and Cementing Mechanism of Non-Wood Plant Gluing – Free Board. Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
Zhou, J., Zhou, Y.H., Bo, C.Y., Li, P.Y., Liang, B.C. (2015) Advances in the extraction and application of enzymatic lignin. New Chemical Materials 4:245–246.Search in Google Scholar
Yao, P.P. Research of preparation modeling molded packaging materials using wood residues. Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 2015.Search in Google Scholar
©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
