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Fenites of the Miaskite–Carbonatite Complex in the Vishnevye Mountains, Southern Urals, Russia: Origin of the Metasomatic Zoning and Thermodynamic Simulations of the Processes

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Abstract

Mineral zoning in fenites around miaskite intrusions of the Vishnevye Mountains complex can be interpreted as a magmatic-replacement zonal metasomatic aureole (in D.S. Korzhinskii’s understanding): the metasomatic transformations of the fenitized gneisses under the effect of deep alkaline fluid eventually resulted in the derivation of nepheline syenite eutectic melt. Based on the P–T–fO2 parameters calculated from the composition of minerals coexisting in the successive zones, isobaric–isothermal fO2–aSiO2 and µNa2O–µAl2O3 sections were constructed with the Perplex program package to model how the fenites interacted with H2O–CO2 fluid (in the Na–K–Al–Si–Ca–Ti–Fe–Mg–O–H–C system). The results indicate that the fluid–rock interaction mechanisms are different in the outer (fenite) and inner (migmatite) parts of the zonal aureole. Its outer portion was dominated by desilication of rocks, which led, first, to quartz disappearance from these rocks and then to an increase in the Al# of the coexisting minerals (biotite and clinopyroxene). In the inner part of the aureole, fenite transformations into biotite–feldspathic metasomatic rocks and nepheline migmatite were triggered by an increase in the Na and Al activities in the system alkaline H2O–CO2 fluid–rock. As a consequence, the metasomatites were progressively enriched in Al2O3 and alkalis, and these transformations led to the development of biotite in equilibrium with K–Na feldspar and calcite at the sacrifice of pyroxene. The further introduction of alkalis led to the melting of the biotite–feldspathic metasomatites and the origin of nepheline migmatites. The simulated model sequence of metasomatic zones that developed when the gneiss was fenitized and geochemical features of the successive zones (differences in the LILE and REE concentrations in the rocks and minerals of the fenitization aureole and the Sm–Nd isotope systematics of the rocks of the alkaline complex) indicate that the source of the fluid responsible for the origin of zonal fenite–miaskite complexes may have been carbonatite, a derivative of mantle magmas, whereas the miaskites were produced by metasomatic transformations of gneisses and subsequent melting under the effect of fluid derived from carbonatite magmas.

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Notes

  1. Chemical compositions of minerals in the fenite aureole at the Potaniny Mountains and the composition of the potassic feldspar are presented in Table ESM_1.xls (Suppl. 1) to the Russian and English versions of the paper, which is available for authorized users at https://elibrary.ru/ and http://link.springer.com/, respectively.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank V.L. Rusinov, who initiated our studies of fluid–magma interaction. A.V. Girnis and E.B. Kurdyukov are thanked for theoretical considerations of the reasons why Eu anomalies appear in the REE patterns of the rocks in the absence of plagioclase. We highly appreciate help provided by V.A. Utenkov in sampling the rocks.

Funding

This study was carried out under government-financed project 0136-2018-0029 “Metamorphism and Metasomatism in the Lower Crust” for the Institute of the Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry (IGEM), Russian Academy of Sciences, and project 0136-2016-0002 “Intraplate and Continental Marginal Magmatism as a Petrological Indicator of Geotectonic Environments: An Example of the East European Platform and Its Folded Surroundings”.

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  1. Institute of the Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry (IGEM), Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    S. S. Abramov & I. T. Rass

  2. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKhI), Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    N. N. Kononkova

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Abramov, S.S., Rass, I.T. & Kononkova, N.N. Fenites of the Miaskite–Carbonatite Complex in the Vishnevye Mountains, Southern Urals, Russia: Origin of the Metasomatic Zoning and Thermodynamic Simulations of the Processes. Petrology 28, 263–286 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591120030029

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