Abstract
To develop implants with improved bone ingrowth, titanium substrates were coated with homogeneous and dense struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) layers by means of electrochemically assisted deposition. Strontium nitrate was added to the coating electrolyte in various concentrations, in order to fabricate Sr-doped struvite coatings with Sr loading ranging from 10.6 to 115 μg/cm2. It was expected and observed that osteoclast activity surrounding the implant was inhibited. The cytocompatibility of the coatings and the effect of Sr-ions in different concentrations on osteoclast formation were analyzed in vitro. Osteoclast differentiation was elucidated on morphological, biochemical as well as on gene expression level. It could be shown that moderate concentrations of Sr2+ had an inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation, while the growth of osteoblastic cells was not negatively influenced compared to pure struvite surfaces. In summary, the electrochemically deposited Sr-doped struvite coatings are a promising approach to improve bone implant ingrowth.
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: DFG MO 1768/2-1
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: INST 105022/58-1 FUGG
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: WO 1903/2-1
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for their financial support (DFG MO 1768/2-1 and WO 1903/2-1) and the DFG State Major Instrumentation Programme, funding the crossbeam scanning electron microscope Zeiss CB 340 (INST 105022/58-1 FUGG).
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Author contributions: conceptualisation: AE, CM, CWB, UG; data curation AE, CM; investigation: JZ, KW, MM, supervision AE, CM, UG; writing original draft: AE, CM, review and editing AE, CM, CWB, UG.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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