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Bacterial communities on the gills of bonefish (Albula vulpes) in the Florida Keys and The Bahamas show spatial structure and differential abundance of disease-associated bacteria

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Abstract

The Caribbean bonefish species Albula vulpes is an economically important nearshore marine sport fish that has notably declined in the Florida Keys over the past 20–30 years. The reasons for this decline are unclear, although habitat loss, water quality reductions, climate change, and other environmental drivers likely play a role. Infectious disease can also cause precipitous species-specific declines in wildlife populations, but virtually nothing is known about infection in bonefish. We analyzed communities of bacteria on the gills of bonefish from the Florida Keys, where declines are pronounced, and the islands of Eleuthera and Inagua in The Bahamas, where no such declines have been recorded. Bacterial community composition varied significantly among island location (Keys, Eleuthera, Inagua) and among sites within island locations (e.g., tidal creeks, coves, inlets). Seventeen times more bacterial taxa were over-represented in the Florida Keys than in The Bahamas, and several bacterial genera over-represented in the Florida Keys have been linked to environmental contamination and disease (e.g., Corynebacterium; Acholeplasma; Staphylococcus; and Streptococcus). These results show that gill bacterial community signatures may prove useful for investigating bonefish spatial ecology and that communities of microbes on bonefish gills contain differentially abundant and potentially pathogenic bacteria that covary with the overall “health” of the population.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the Bonefish and Tarpon Trust for assisting with sampling and logistics in the Florida Keys, as well as the Fisheries Conservation Foundation, the faculty and staff of the Cape Eleuthera Institute, and D. Rankin and Z. Wasserman for assisting with sampling and logistics in The Bahamas.

Funding

This project was funded by the Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, the University of Wisconsin-Madison John D. MacArthur Fellowship Program, the Fisheries Conservation Foundation, and the individual scientists and their home institutions.

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Author notes

  1. Christopher D. Dunn and Lewis J. Campbell contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Christopher D. Dunn, Lewis J. Campbell & Tony L. Goldberg

  2. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 Eighth Ave. SE, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Elizabeth M. Wallace

  3. Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA

    Andy J. Danylchuk, Jacob W. Brownscombe & Lucas P. Griffin

  4. Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    Steven J. Cooke

  5. Fisheries Conservation Foundation, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, IL, 61821, USA

    Aaron D. Shultz & David P. Philipp

  6. Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Avenue, Suite 203, Miami, FL, 33133, USA

    Brooke D. Black & Aaron J. Adams

  7. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B4H 4R2, Canada

    Jacob W. Brownscombe

  8. Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL, 34946, USA

    Aaron J. Adams

  9. Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Tony L. Goldberg

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Contributions

CDD, AJD, SJC, DPP, AJA and TLG contributed to the study conception and design. Sample and data collection were performed by AJD, ADS, BDB, JWB, LPG, and TLG. Analyses and writing were conducted by CDD, LJC, EMW, and TLG. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tony L. Goldberg.

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Conflict of interest

Author Christopher Dunn declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Lewis Campbell declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Elizabeth Wallace declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Andy Danylchuk declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Steven Cooke declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Aaron Shultz declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Brooke Black declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Jacob Brownscombe declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Lucas Griffin declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author David Philipp declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Aaron Adams declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Tony Goldberg declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for sampling, care and use of animals were followed.

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Reviewed by Z. Pratte and M. Reverter.

Communicated by K. Clements.

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Dunn, C.D., Campbell, L.J., Wallace, E.M. et al. Bacterial communities on the gills of bonefish (Albula vulpes) in the Florida Keys and The Bahamas show spatial structure and differential abundance of disease-associated bacteria. Mar Biol 167, 85 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03698-7

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