Abstract
Since its introduction to North America in the 1990s, the round goby has spread throughout the Great Lakes and inland movement into small tributaries, a new environment for this species in both its native and invaded ranges, is becoming more prevalent. We assessed spatial and temporal occupation of round gobies in four small streams in two systems in south-central Ontario, Canada to determine which habitat variables are the best predictors of round goby density. Two streams are tributaries of Lake Ontario and two are tributaries of the Otonabee River; all of these streams have barriers preventing upstream migration. Occupation and density patterns differed between the systems. In the Lake Ontario system, density was highest near the longitudinal centre of the stream between the mouth and first barrier, and round goby appeared to occupy these streams mainly from spring to fall. In the Otonabee River system, round goby occupied the streams year-round, and the most important factor determining adult density was distance from a barrier to upstream movement, with density highest next to the barriers. Adult density in Lake Ontario tributaries was highest in sites with a high percentage of cobble/boulder and a low percentage of gravel substrate, while substrate was less important in Otonabee River tributaries. Date was the strongest predictor of juvenile density, with density increasing through the sampling period in both systems. Occupation and density patterns may differ due to contrasting environmental conditions in the source environments and distance to the first barrier preventing upstream movement. This study shows diversity in invasion strategies, and provides insight into the ability of invasive species to change their occupation strategies based on the different environments they encounter.
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Acknowledgements
This project was supported by a National Science and Engineering Council Discovery Grant to MGF. Electrofishing and fish handling procedures used in this study were approved by the Trent University Animal Care Committee (Protocol #24435). We thank S. MacDonald and S. Blair for field assistance, and L. Gutowsky for statistical advice. This manuscript was greatly improved by helpful comments provided by D. Beresford, M. Kornis and an anonymous reviewer on an earlier version of this manuscript.
Funding
This study was financially supported by National Science and Engineering Research Council Grant (46681) to M. G. Fox.
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May, C., Burness, G., Morrison, B. et al. Spatio-temporal patterns of occupation and density by an invasive fish in streams. Biol Invasions 22, 2143–2161 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02243-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02243-3