Abstract
A loading–unloading elastic–plastic model of contact between three dimensional fractal rough surfaces has been presented in this paper. During loading process, the mechanical properties of a single asperity follow Hertzian theory. During unloading process, the load-area relationships of a single asperity are obtained by EK model. The truncation size distribution functions for different levels of asperities are deduced. And total true contact area and total contact load are obtained during a loading–unloading process. The results show as the rough surface is in elastic deformation, the load-area relationships during loading and unloading process are identical. As the rough surface is in inelastic deformation, the total true contact area during unloading process is greater than that during loading process. An experiment is designed to verify the validity of the present model.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Greenwood, J. A., & Williamson, J. B. P. (1966). Contact of nominally flat surfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A,295, 300–319.
Greenwood, J. A., & Tripp, J. H. (1967). The elastic contact of rough spheres. Journal of applied mechanics ASME,34, 153–159.
Qiu, D., Peng, L., Yi, P., et al. (2017). A micro contact model for electrical contact resistance prediction between roughness surface and carbon fiber paper. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,124, 37–47.
Yang, X., & Jackson, R. L. (2017). Statistical models of nearly complete elastic rough surface contact-comparison with numerical solutions. Tribology International,105, 274–291.
Weike, Y., Jianmin, L., Yue, D., et al. (2018). Statistical contact model of rough surfaces: The role of surface tension. International Journal of Solids and Structures,138, 217–223.
Huifang, X., & Yunyun, S. (2019). On the normal contact stiffness and contact resonance frequency of rough surface contact based on asperity micro-contact statistical models. European Journal of Mechanics/A Solids,75, 450–460.
Chang, W. R., Etsion, I., & Bogy, D. B. (1987). An elastic-plastic model for the contact of rough surfaces. Journal of Tribology, Transactions of the ASME,109, 257–263.
Zhao, Y. W., David, M. M., et al. (2000). An asperity microcontact model incorporating the transition from elastic deformation to fully plastic flow. Journal of Tribology, Transactions of the ASME,122, 86–93.
Kogut, L., & Etsion, I. (2002). Elastic-plastic contact analysis of a sphere and a rigid flat. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions of the ASME,69, 657–662.
Lin, L. P., & Lin, J. F. (2005). An elastoplastic microasperity contact model for metallic materials. Journal of Tribology, Transactions of the ASME,127, 666–672.
Etsion, I., Kligerman, Y., & Kadin, Y. (2005). Unloading of an elastic-plastic loaded spherical contact. International Journal of Solids and Structures,42, 3716–3729.
Kadin, Y., Kligerman, Y., & Etsion, I. (2006). Unloading an elastic-plastic contact of rough surfaces. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,54, 2652–2674.
Song, H., Vakis, A. I., et al. (2017). Statistical model of rough surface contact accounting for size-dependent plasticity and asperity interaction. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,106, 1–14.
Sayles, R. S., & Thomas, T. R. (1978). Surface topography as a nonstationary random process. Nature,271, 431–434.
Majumdar, A., & Bhushan, B. (1990). Role of Fractal Geometry in Roughness Characterization and Contact Mechanics of Surfaces. Journal of Tribology, Transactions of the ASME,112, 205–216.
Majumdar, A., & Bhushan, B. (1991). Fractal model of elastic-plastic contact between rough surfaces. Journal of Tribology, Transactions of the ASME,113, 1–11.
Yan, W., & Komvopoulos, K. (1998). Contact analysis of elastic-plastic fractal surfaces. Journal of Applied Physics,84, 3617–3624.
Runqiong, W., Lida, Z., & Chunxia, Z. (2017). Research on fractal model of normal contact stiffness for mechanical joint considering asperity interaction. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,134, 357–369.
Jialan, L., Chi, M., Shilong, W., et al. (2019). Contact stiffness of spindle-tool holder based on fractal theory and multi-scale contact mechanics model. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,119, 363–379.
Yao, L., Yashun, W., Xun, C., et al. (2018). A spherical conformal contact model considering frictional and microscopic factors based on fractal theory. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals,111, 96–107.
Guan, D., Jing, L., Junjie, G., et al. (2018). Normal contact analysis for spherical pump based on fractal theory. Tribology International,124, 117–123.
Yin, X., & Komvopoulos, K. (2010). An adhesive wear model of fractal surfaces in normal contact. International Journal of Solids and Structures,47, 912–921.
Wenjun, G., Yunxia, C., Mengwei, L., et al. (2019). Adhesion-fatigue dual mode wear model for fractal surfaces in AISI 1045 cylinder-plane contact pairs. Wear,430–431, 327–339.
Liou, J. L., & Lin, J. F. (2010). A modified fractal microcontact model developed for asperity heights with variable morphology parameters. Wear,268, 133–144.
Miao, X., & Huang, X. (2014). A complete contact model of a fractal rough surface. Wear,309, 146–151.
Morag, Y., & Etsion, I. (2007). Resolving the contradiction of asperities plastic to elastic mode transition in current contact models of fractal rough surfaces. Wear,262, 624–629.
Yuan, Y., Cheng, Y., et al. (2017). A revised Majumdar and Bushan model of elastoplastic contact between rough surfaces. Applied Surface Science,425, 1138–1157.
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1982). The Fractal Geometry of Nature. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1977). Fractals: form, chance and dimension. San Francisco: Freeman.
Johnson, K. L. (1987). Contact Mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shuming, G., Changhe, L., Yanbin, Z., et al. (2018). Analysis of volume ratio of castor/soybean oil mixture on minimum quantity lubrication grinding performance and microstructure evaluation by fractal dimension. Industrial Crops and Products,111, 494–505.
Lixin, S. (2002). On the fractal characterization of turning surfaces. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,3, 66–68.
Haiwang, T., Jun, Z., Hao, L., et al. (2018). Study on topography of surface milled with ball-end cutter based on fractal theory. Tool Engineering,52, 29–32.
Contreras-Ruiz, J. C., Martínez-Gallegos, M. S., & Ordoñez-Regil, E. (2016). Surface fractal dimension of composites TiO2-hydrotalcite. Materials Characterization,121, 17–22.
Yanrong, L., & Runqiu, H. (2015). Relationship between joint roughness coefficient and fractal dimension of rock fracture surfaces. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,75, 15–22.
Miru, K., Sang, M. L., Deug, W. L., et al. (2017). Tribological effects of a rough surface bearing using an average flow analysis with a contact model of asperities. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,18, 99–107.
Yong, Y. C., & Tae, W. C. (2011). Development of algorithm for 3D mixed elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,12, 1065–1070.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yuan, Y., Xu, K. & Zhao, K. The Loading–Unloading Model of Contact Between Fractal Rough Surfaces. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 21, 1047–1063 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-020-00330-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-020-00330-y