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I-PVO based high capacity reversible data hiding using bin reservation strategy

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Abstract

Improved Pixel-Value-Ordering (I-PVO) based reversible data hiding scheme provides high-fidelity watermarked images with high data embedding capacity. In this paper, a new reversible data hiding scheme based on the I-PVO method is proposed to increase the data embedding capacity. The proposed scheme first divides the cover image into non-overlapping blocks of size 2 × 2 pixels uniformly, and then increases and decreases the values of highest and lowest pixels by one respectively. The proposed modification rules are used to reserve two bins which are used to increase the data hiding capacity. The pixels are sorted in ascending order to calculate two differences in the block. The difference values are calculated by considering pixel values along with their locations in the original block and are utilized to embed secret data in the highest and lowest pixel values using the proposed modification rules. While embedding the secret data, the pixel values are either increased/decreased or left unchanged according to the embedding bits. Thus, the proposed scheme embeds three bits per block in the cover image instead of two bits in the case of I-PVO on average. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides significantly higher data hiding capacity than the previous works.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2018R1D1A1A09081842) and Korea Research Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(2019H1D3A1A01101687)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cyber Security, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, South Korea

    Rajeev Kumar & Ki-Hyun Jung

  2. Department of Electronics and Communication, Jamia Milia Islamia University, Delhi, India

    Neeraj Kumar

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  1. Rajeev Kumar
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  2. Neeraj Kumar
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  3. Ki-Hyun Jung
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Correspondence to Ki-Hyun Jung.

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Kumar, R., Kumar, N. & Jung, KH. I-PVO based high capacity reversible data hiding using bin reservation strategy. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 22635–22651 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09069-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09069-0

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