Abstract
The bearing investigation on mechanical joints of composite materials is extensive. The main reason for bearing investigation, in a certain aspect, is related to the variability of parameters associated with bearing behavior. In this sense, theoretical and/or experimental studies have been exhaustively conducted. Depending on the solution obtained, there is a cost/benefit relationship for the problem in question. However, in the case of aeronautical applications, an important factor to be considered is the safety, which reflects into safety margin. In this sense, an excess of tests is needed for design that reflects in high cost and time-consuming. Therefore, simpler approaches are necessary in the pre-design phase, where quick answers are required for the initial product definition. In this way, the present work presents composite bearing tests with two distinct environmental conditions, i.e., low-temperature dry (LTD) and room-temperature dry (RTD) in order to show that there is one procedure to simplify the process and gain cost and time. For this, five different configurations specimens with 12 coupons each one were tested in two different environmental conditions. The fastened joint manufactured used protruding fastener, two different diameters (3/16″ and 5/32″) and three laminates (10, 12 and 14 plies). Based on the ASTM D5961 standard, the experimental results showed a linear response not showed in the literature for composite materials. The proposal presented here showed an excellent way to avoid others tests with different conditions, i.e., with different layups and fastener diameters.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hart-Smith LJ (1976) Bolted joints in graphite–epoxy composites. NASA-CR-144899, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, p 156
Camanho PP, Matthews FL (1997) Stress analysis and strength prediction of mechanically fastened joints in FRP: a review. Compos A 28A:529–547
Wang HS, Huang CL, Chang FK (1996) Bearing failure of bolted composite joints. Part I: experimental characterization. J Compos Mater 30(12):1284–1313
Huang CL, Chang FK (1996) Bearing failure of bolted composite joints. Part II: model and verification. J Compos Mater 30(12):1359–1400
Iriarte FR, Fellows NA, Durodola JF (2011) Experimental evaluation of the effect of clamping force and hole clearance on carbon composites subjected to bearing versus bypass loading. Compos Struct 93:1096–1102
Zhang J et al (2015) Influence of end distances on the failure of composite bolted joints. J Reinf Plast Compos 34(5):388–404
Yang B et al (2017) Experimental and numerical study on bearing failure of countersunk composite–composite and composite–steel joints. J Compos Mater 51(22):3211–3224
Zou P et al (2018) Bearing strength and failure analysis on the interference-fit double shear-lap pin-loaded composite. Int J Damage Mech 27(2):179–200
Camanho PP, Matthews FL (1999) A progressive damage model for mechanically fastened joints in composite laminates. J Compos Mater 33(24):2248–2280
Dumitru C, Constantinescu DM (2019) Temperature effects on joint strength and failure modes of hybrid aluminum–composite countersunk bolted joints. J Mater Design Appl 233(11):2204–2218
Hart-Smith LJ (1976) Bolted joints in graphite-epoxy composites. NASA CR-144899, pp 1–159
Hart-Smith LJ (1995) An Engineer’s viewpoint on design and analysis of aircraft structural joints. J Aerosp Eng Part G 209(27):105–129
Chamis CC (1990) Simplified procedures for designing composite bolted joints. J Reinforced Plastics Compos 9:614–626
ASTM Test Method D 5961/D 5961M (5961M) Bearing response of polymer matrix composite laminates. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken
MIL-HDBK-17-1D (1994) Polymer matrix composites, volume 1: guidelines for characterization of structural materials. United States Department of Defense
CMH-17-1G (2012) Composite materials handbook: polymer matrix composites guidelines for characterization of structural materials, vol 1. SAE International Publisher, pp 1–721
Arakaki FK (2008) Influence factors in composite bearing allowable. Embraer Technical Report DT1CSY005, Rev, pp 1–24
MIL-HDBK-5E (1987) Military standardization handbook, metallic materials and elements for aerospace structures. United States Department of Defense
Advisory Circular No. 20-107B (2010) Composite aircraft structure, change 1, Federal Aviation Administration. United States Department of Transportation, pp 1–38
Tsai SW et al (2017) Composite laminates theory and practice of analysis, design and automated layup. Composites Design Group, Stanford University, pp 1–370
Daniel IM, Ishai O (1994) Engineering mechanics of composite materials. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Technical Editor: Paulo de Tarso Rocha de Mendonça, Ph.D..
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arakaki, F.K., de Faria, A.R. Experimental investigation about composite bearing strength. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 42, 345 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02339-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02339-w