Abstract
Street dust of Korba, Chhattisgarh, an urban industrial hub in one of India’s major coal mining areas, has been analysed for profiling and sourcing of Pb and other potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Lead isotopic ratio of dust, coal, diesel, fly ash and human blood of Korba is being reported for the first time in this study. The mean concentrations (in mg/kg) of Al, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were higher than World Background soil and Reference soil USA values and decreased in the order of Al (17000) > Fe (7550) > Mn (2740) > Cr (833) > Ni (571) > Zn (231) > Cu (152) > V (145) > Pb (98.6) > U (7.9) > Cd (1.34). About 25% of the sampled dust had Pb Igeo belonging to class IV category of heavy contamination. Dust from industrial areas was highly enriched with Cr, Cu, Pb and Mn, while those from coal mining areas had high mean V concentration. Principal component analysis extracted Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and U with the highest loading factors in Component 1 indicative of their lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. The lead isotopic ratios of the dust, coal, diesel, fly ash and eight human blood samples clustered linearly in the 207Pb/204Pb vs 208Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb vs 208Pb/204Pb plots. Airborne lead deposition from diesel-based traffic exhausts and fly ash contributed to the human blood lead level besides coal mining activities. Geospatially, while Pb was mainly concentrated in the residential, industrial and coal-mining areas, Zn and Mn were mainly distributed in the roadside areas of industrial centres.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Director General of the Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, for his permission to publish. Dr. Joy Gopal Ghosh, Deputy Director-General, Northern Region, Dehradun, and Mr. Siladitya Sengupta, Director, National Centre of Excellence for Geological Research, Faridabad of the Geological Survey of India, are acknowledged for their suggestions and comments in data analysis of the lead isotopic ratios. We also would like to thank South Eastern Coal Limited (SECL) for permitting us to visit the Korba Coalfields for sampling. Finally, thanks are due to Mr. Rajeev Kumar Gautam for his assistance in microwave digestion and Mr. Khara Mahato for processing of the samples.
Funding
The present study is an outcome of the Research Project (M4GIG/NC/CHQ//2017/12937) initiated and funded by the Geological Survey of India, Kolkata, in April 2016.
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Das, A., Kumar, R., Patel, S.S. et al. Source apportionment of potentially toxic elements in street dust of a coal mining area in Chhattisgarh, India, using multivariate and lead isotopic ratio analysis. Environ Monit Assess 192, 396 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08321-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08321-2