Abstract
In the construction of metro tunnels, water gushing accidents caused by the rupture of underground pipeline often occur, and in loess area, the collapsibility of loess makes this problem more complex and difficult. To investigate the damage of metro tunnel caused by collapsible loess under the action of local dynamic water (gushing water), a model experiment was conducted based on the pipeline water gushing accident happened in the construction of metro tunnel located in loess area. Through the study of similar materials of loess and tunnel lining, the test materials and apparatus were prepared according to similarity criterion. By simulating water gushing environment in the loess stratum, this paper analyzed mechanical characteristics of tunnel (water pressure of surrounding rock, contact pressure and internal force of tunnel lining) and deformation of surrounding rock and tunnel. Furthermore, combining with the process of local collapse of loess in the model experiment, it is concluded that the formation of water transport channel is the main reason for the difference of tunnel structural response when water gushing occurs at different locations. Finally, a three-dimensional spatial model of water transport channel in loess stratum under the environment of local water gushing was established to study the rule of water transport.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Assadi-Langroudi A, Ng’ambi S, Smalley I (2018) Loess as a collapsible soil: some basic particle packing aspects. Quat Int 469:20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.058
Buckingham E (1914) On physically similar systems; illustrations of the use of dimensional equations. Phys Rev J Arch 4(4):345–376. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.4.345
Cao LQ, Zhang DL, Fang Q (2020) Movements of ground and existing structures induced by slurry pressure-balance tunnel boring machine (SPB TBM) tunnelling in clay. Tunn Undergr Space Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103278
Cheng WC, Li G, Liu N, Xu J, Horpibulsuk S (2020) Recent massive incidents for subway construction in soft alluvial deposits of Taiwan: a review. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 96:103178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103178
Derbyshire E (2001) Geological hazards in loess terrain, with particular reference to the loess regions of China. Earth Sci Rev 54(1–3):231–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00050-2
Feng SJ, Du FL, Shi ZM, Shui WH, Tan K (2015) Field study on the reinforcement of collapsible loess using dynamic compaction. Eng Geol 185:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.12.006
Huang XY, Cao XY, Yin JB, Cao XS (2017) Effects of metro transit on the ownership of mobility instruments in Xi’an, China. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 52:495–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.09.014
Jiang MJ, Hu HJ, Liu F (2012) Summary of collapsible behaviour of artificially structured loess in oedometer and triaxial wetting tests. Can Geotech J 49(10):1147–1157. https://doi.org/10.1139/t2012-075
Jiang HM, Li L, Rong XL, Wang MY, Xia YP, Zhang ZC (2017) Model test to investigate waterproof-resistant slab minimum safety thickness for water inrush geohazards. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 62:35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.11.004
Lai HP, Song WL, Liu YY, Chen R (2017) Influence of flooded loessial overburden on the tunnel lining: case study. J Perform Constr Facil. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001100
Li Z, Brissette F, Chen J (2013) Assessing the applicability of six precipitation probability distribution models on the Loess Plateau of China. Int J Climatol 34(2):462–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3699
Li SC, Liu HL, Li LP, Zhang QQ, Wang K, Wang K (2016) Large scale three-dimensional seepage analysis model test and numerical simulation research on undersea tunnel. Appl Ocean Res 59:510–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2016.07.013
Li J, Shao SJ, Shao S (2019) Collapsible characteristics of loess tunnel site and their effects on tunnel structure. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 83:509–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.08.035
Liang QG, Li J, Wu XY, Zhou AN (2016) Anisotropy of Q2 loess in the Baijiapo Tunnel on the Lanyu Railway, China. Bull Eng Geol Environ 75(1):109–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0723-z
Liu YY, Lai HP (2019) Load characteristics of tunnel lining in flooded loess strata considering loess structure. Adv Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3731965
Lu J, Wang TH, Cheng WC, Yang T, Luo Y (2019) Permeability anisotropy of loess under influence of dry density and freeze-thaw cycles. Int J Geomech. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001485
Luo YB, Chen JX, Gao ST, Deng XH, Diao PS (2017) Stability analysis of super-large-section tunnel in loess ground considering water infiltration caused by irrigation. Environ Earth Sci 76:763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7106-7
Muxart T, Billard A, Andrieu A, Derbyshire E, Meng X (1995) Changes in water chemistry and loess porosity with leaching: implications for collapsibility in the loess of North China. Genes Prop Collapsible Soils. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0097-7_16
Nie XX, Feng SS, Zhang SD, Gan Q (2019) Simulation study on the dynamic ventilation control of single head roadway in high-altitude mine based on thermal comfort. Adv Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2973504
Peng JB, Huang QB, Hu ZP, Wang MX, Li T, Men YM, Fan W (2017) A proposed solution to the ground fissure encountered in urban metro construction in Xi’an, China. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 61:12–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.09.002
Russo L, Sorrentino M, Polverino P, Pianese C (2017) Application of Buckingham π theorem for scaling-up oriented fast modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell impedance. J Power Sources 353:277–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.116
Shin JH, Kim SH, Shin YS (2012) Long-term mechanical and hydraulic interaction and leakage evaluation of segmented tunnels. Soils Found 52(1):38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.01.011
Song ZP, Shi GL, Zhao BY, Zhao KM, Wang JB (2020) Study of the stability of tunnel construction based on double-heading advance construction method. Adv Mech Eng. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814019896964
Soranzo E, Tamagnini R, Wu W (2015) Face stability of shallow tunnels in partially saturated soil: centrifuge testing and numerical analysis. Géotechnique 65(6):454–467. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.14.P.123
Sun H, Wang QP, Zhang P, Zhong YJ, Yue XB (2019) Spatialtemporal characteristics of tunnel traffic accidents in China from 2001 to present. Adv Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4536414
Verachtert E, Den Eeckhaut MV, Poesen J, Deckers J (2010) Factors controlling the spatial distribution of soil piping erosion on loess-derived soils: a case study from central Belgium. Geomorphology 118(3–4):339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.02.001
Verachtert E, Den Eeckhaut MV, Poesen J, Govers G, Deckers J (2011) Prediction of spatial patterns of collapsed pipes in loess-derived soils in a temperate humid climate using logistic regression. Geomorphology 130(3–4):185–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.015
Wang XL, Zhu YP, Huang XF (2014) Field tests on deformation property of self-weight collapsible loess with large thickness. Int J Geomech. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000320
Wang ZF, Shen SL, Cheng WC, Xu YS (2016) Ground fissures in Xi’an and measures to prevent damage to the metro tunnel system due to geohazards. Environ Earth Sci 75:511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5169-x
Wang ZC, Xie YL, Qiu JL, Zhang YW, Fan HB (2017) Field experiment on soaking characteristics of collapsible loess. Adv Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6213871
Wang HT, Yan S, Wang MS, Wu YD (2018) Research on the displacement of strata induced by tunnel construction under the condition of pipeline leakage. J Railw Eng Soc 35(3):60–65 (in Chinese)
Wang LX, Li CH, Qiu JL, Wang K, Liu T (2020a) Treatment and effect of loess metro tunnel under surrounding pressure and water immersion environment. Geofluids. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7868157
Wang XL, He SY, Lai JX, Garnes RS (2020b) Karst geology and mitigation measures for hazards during metro system construction in Wuhan, China. Nat Hazards 102(3):1909–1935
Wen BP, Yan YJ (2014) Influence of structure on shear characteristics of the unsaturated loess in Lanzhou, China. Eng Geol 168:46–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.023
Weng XL, Sun YF, Zhang YW, Niu HS, Liu X, Dong YL (2019) Physical modeling of wetting-induced collapse of shield tunneling in loess strata. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 90:208–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.05.004
Weng XL, Sun YF, Yan BH, Niu HS, Lin RA, Zhou SQ (2020) Centrifuge testing and numerical modeling of tunnel face stability considering longitudinal slope angle and steady state seepage in soft clay. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 96:218–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.1034062020.103406
Wu HN, Huang RQ, Sun WJ, Shen SL, Xu YS, Liu YB, Du SJ (2014) Leaking behavior of shield tunnels under the Huangpu River of Shanghai with induced hazards. Nat Hazards 70(2):1115–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0863-z
Wu H, Yao CK, Li CH, Miao M, Zhong YJ, Lu YQ, Liu T (2020a) Review of application and innovation of geotextiles in geotechnical engineering. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071774
Wu K, Shao ZS, Li CL, Qin S (2020b) Theoretical investigation to the effect of bolt reinforcement on tunnel viscoelastic behavior. Arab J Sci Eng 45(6):152–163
Xue YG, Zhang XL, Li SC, Qiu DH, Su MX, Li LP, Li ZQ, Tao YF (2018) Analysis of factors influencing tunnel deformation in loess deposits by data mining: a deformation prediction model. Eng Geol 232:94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.11.014
Yates K, Fenton CH, Bell DH (2018) A review of the geotechnical characteristics of loess and loess-derived soils from Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Eng Geol 236:11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.08.001
Yu XG, Xing GH, Chang ZQ (2020) Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near-surface mounted 7075 aluminum alloy bars. J Build Eng 31:101393
Zhang M, Liu J (2010) Controlling factors of loess landslides in western China. Environ Earth Sci 59(8):1671–1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0149-7
Zhang CP, Yue YJ, Cai Y (2015a) Influence of pipeline leakage range on ground deformation and failure during shallow tunnelling. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 34(2):392–400. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.02.018 (in Chinese)
Zhang CP, Yue YJ, Wang MS (2015b) Influence of pipeline leakage on ground collapse and its control during adjacent tunnelling. China Civil Eng J 45(S1):351–356 (in Chinese)
Zhang DM, Ma LX, Zhang J, Hicher PY, Juang CH (2015c) Ground and tunnel responses induced by partial leakage in saturated clay with anisotropic permeability. Eng Geol 189:104–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.02.005
Zhang Y, Hu ZQ, Chen H, Xue T (2018) Experimental investigation of the behavior of collapsible loess treated with the acid-addition pre-soaking method. KSCE J Civil Eng 22(11):4373–4384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0170-4
Zhang YW, Weng XL, Song ZP, Sun YF (2019) Modeling of loess soaking induced impacts on a metro tunnel using a water soaking system in centrifuge. Geofluids. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487952
Zhang ZQ, Zhang KJ, Dong WJ, Zhang B (2020a) Study of rock-cutting process by disc cutters in mixed ground based on three dimensional particle flow model. Rock Mech Rock Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02118-y
Zhang ZQ, Sun F, Chen BK (2020b) Thermo–mechanical coupled analysis for tunnel lining with circular openings. Tunn Undegr Space Technol 102:103409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103409
Zhang CP, Li W, Zhu WJ, Tan ZB (2020c) Face stability analysis of a shallow horseshoe-shaped shield tunnel in clay with a linearly increasing shear strength with depth. Tunn Undegr Space Technol 97:103291
Zhou ZJ, Dong YQ, Jiang P, Han DD, Liu T (2019) Calculation of pile side friction by multiparameter statistical analysis. Adv Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2638520
Acknowledgements
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51978066) and the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0808706) and Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges of Chang’an University (No. 300102219117) and the Open Fund for Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (No. YT201905). We also acknowledge the editor for the valuable suggestion.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qiu, J., Lu, Y., Lai, J. et al. Experimental study on the effect of water gushing on loess metro tunnel. Environ Earth Sci 79, 261 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-08995-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-08995-4